Ling Li, Mei Dong, Xiao-Guang Wang1. 1. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora 80045, Colorado, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This review focuses on the current knowledge on the implication and significance of beta 2 microglobulin (β2M), a conservative immune molecule in vertebrate. DATA SOURCES: The data used in this review were obtained from PubMed up to October 2015. Terms of β2M, immune response, and infection were used in the search. STUDY SELECTIONS: Articles related to β2M were retrieved and reviewed. Articles focusing on the characteristic and function of β2M were selected. The exclusion criteria of articles were that the studies on β2M-related molecules. RESULTS: β2M is critical for the immune surveillance and modulation in vertebrate animals. The dysregulation of β2M is associated with multiple diseases, including endogenous and infectious diseases. β2M could directly participate in the development of cancer cells, and the level of β2M is deemed as a prognostic marker for several malignancies. It also involves in forming major histocompatibility complex (MHC class I or MHC I) or like heterodimers, covering from antigen presentation to immune homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the characteristic of β2M, it or its signaling pathway has been targeted as biomedical or therapeutic tools. Moreover, β2M is highly conserved among different species, and overall structures are virtually identical, implying the versatility of β2M on applications.
OBJECTIVE: This review focuses on the current knowledge on the implication and significance of beta 2 microglobulin (β2M), a conservative immune molecule in vertebrate. DATA SOURCES: The data used in this review were obtained from PubMed up to October 2015. Terms of β2M, immune response, and infection were used in the search. STUDY SELECTIONS: Articles related to β2M were retrieved and reviewed. Articles focusing on the characteristic and function of β2M were selected. The exclusion criteria of articles were that the studies on β2M-related molecules. RESULTS: β2M is critical for the immune surveillance and modulation in vertebrate animals. The dysregulation of β2M is associated with multiple diseases, including endogenous and infectious diseases. β2M could directly participate in the development of cancer cells, and the level of β2M is deemed as a prognostic marker for several malignancies. It also involves in forming major histocompatibility complex (MHC class I or MHC I) or like heterodimers, covering from antigen presentation to immune homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the characteristic of β2M, it or its signaling pathway has been targeted as biomedical or therapeutic tools. Moreover, β2M is highly conserved among different species, and overall structures are virtually identical, implying the versatility of β2M on applications.
Authors: Takeo Nomura; Wen-Chin Huang; Haiyen E Zhau; Daqing Wu; Zhihui Xie; Hiromitsu Mimata; Majd Zayzafoon; Andrew N Young; Fray F Marshall; M Neale Weitzmann; Leland W K Chung Journal: Clin Cancer Res Date: 2006-12-15 Impact factor: 12.531
Authors: G Das; D S Gould; M M Augustine; G Fragoso; E Sciutto; I Stroynowski; L Van Kaer; D J Schust; H Ploegh; C A Janeway; E Scitto Journal: J Exp Med Date: 2000-11-20 Impact factor: 14.307
Authors: Xiaoguang Wang; Brittany C Waschke; Rachel A Woolaver; Zhangguo Chen; Gan Zhang; Anthony D Piscopio; Xuedong Liu; Jing H Wang Journal: Cancer Immunol Res Date: 2019-06-24 Impact factor: 11.151
Authors: Joshua A Keefe; Shih-Jen Hwang; Tianxiao Huan; Michael Mendelson; Chen Yao; Paul Courchesne; Mohamed A Saleh; Meena S Madhur; Daniel Levy Journal: Hypertension Date: 2019-02 Impact factor: 10.190
Authors: Zachary T Hilt; Preeti Maurya; Laura Tesoro; Daphne N Pariser; Sara K Ture; Simon J Cleary; Mark R Looney; Kathleen E McGrath; Craig N Morrell Journal: Circ Res Date: 2021-01-29 Impact factor: 17.367
Authors: Kelly D Sullivan; Donald Evans; Ahwan Pandey; Thomas H Hraha; Keith P Smith; Neil Markham; Angela L Rachubinski; Kristine Wolter-Warmerdam; Francis Hickey; Joaquin M Espinosa; Thomas Blumenthal Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2017-11-01 Impact factor: 4.379