Pieter-Jan Coenraads1, Tatiana A Vogel1, Brunhilde Blömeke2, Carsten Goebel3,4, Robert Roggeband3,4, Marie-Louise A Schuttelaar1. 1. Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands. 2. Department of Environmental Toxicology, Trier University, 54296, Trier, Germany. 3. The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, 65823 Schwalbach am Taunus, Germany. 4. The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, 1853, Strombeek-Bever, Belgium.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: An allergic contact reaction is accompanied by high oxidative stress in the skin. Pretreatment of the skin with antioxidative substances could reduce the elicitation reaction. OBJECTIVES: To investigate, in a proof-of-principle study, whether pretreatment of the skin with the antioxidant ascorbic acid reduces the elicitation reaction to a p-phenylenediamine (PPD)-containing hair dye in sensitized subjects. METHODS: Twelve subjects with contact allergy to PPD, a documented skin reaction to a hair dye simulation exposure model and a history of hair dye-related skin complaints were included in this study. Skin areas on the forearms were, in a left versus right design, exposed to an emulsion with ascorbic acid and an emulsion without ascorbic acid, and then to a 2% PPD-containing hair dye testing formulation. In addition, control areas were exposed to the emulsions and to the PPD-containing hair dye formulation without pretreatment. Skin reactions were graded on day (D)2 and D3. RESULTS: Pretreatment with ascorbic acid emulsion resulted in a reduction in the elicitation reaction in 7 of 12 subjects at D3 (p = 0.046). No statistically significant difference was observed at D2. CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment of the skin with the antioxidant ascorbic acid had an attenuating effect on the elicitation reaction to PPD in sensitized individuals.
BACKGROUND: An allergic contact reaction is accompanied by high oxidative stress in the skin. Pretreatment of the skin with antioxidative substances could reduce the elicitation reaction. OBJECTIVES: To investigate, in a proof-of-principle study, whether pretreatment of the skin with the antioxidant ascorbic acid reduces the elicitation reaction to a p-phenylenediamine (PPD)-containing hair dye in sensitized subjects. METHODS: Twelve subjects with contact allergy to PPD, a documented skin reaction to a hair dye simulation exposure model and a history of hair dye-related skin complaints were included in this study. Skin areas on the forearms were, in a left versus right design, exposed to an emulsion with ascorbic acid and an emulsion without ascorbic acid, and then to a 2% PPD-containing hair dye testing formulation. In addition, control areas were exposed to the emulsions and to the PPD-containing hair dye formulation without pretreatment. Skin reactions were graded on day (D)2 and D3. RESULTS: Pretreatment with ascorbic acid emulsion resulted in a reduction in the elicitation reaction in 7 of 12 subjects at D3 (p = 0.046). No statistically significant difference was observed at D2. CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment of the skin with the antioxidant ascorbic acid had an attenuating effect on the elicitation reaction to PPD in sensitized individuals.