Chellakkan S Blesson1, Amy K Schutt1, Meena P Balakrishnan1, Robia G Pautler2, Steen E Pedersen3, Poonam Sarkar4, Daniel Gonzales3, Gang Zhu5, Juan C Marini6, Shaji K Chacko7, Uma Yallampalli1, Chandra Yallampalli8. 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. 2. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Small Animal Imaging Facility, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX. 3. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Small Animal Imaging Facility, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX. 4. Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Small Animal Imaging Facility, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX. 5. Bruker Corp, Houston, TX. 6. Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX. 7. Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX. 8. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. Electronic address: cyallamp@bcm.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in lean individuals is not well studied and up to 26% of diabetes occurs in these individuals. Although the cause is not well understood, it has been primarily attributed to nutritional issues during early development. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to develop a lean T2D model using gestational low-protein (LP) programming. STUDY DESIGN: Pregnant rats were fed control (20% protein) or isocaloric LP (6%) diet from gestational day 4 until delivery. Standard diet was given to dams after delivery and to pups after weaning. Glucose tolerance test was done at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Magnetic resonance imaging of body fat for females was done at 4 months. Rats were sacrificed at 4 and 8 months of age and their perigonadal, perirenal, inguinal, and brown fat were weighed and expressed relative to their body weight. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp was done around 6 months of age. RESULTS: Male and female offspring exposed to a LP diet during gestation developed glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (IR). Further, glucose intolerance progressed with increasing age and occurred earlier and was more severe in females when compared to males. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp showed whole body IR in both sexes, with females demonstrating increased IR compared to males. LP females showed a 4.5-fold increase in IR while males showed a 2.5-fold increase when compared to their respective controls. Data from magnetic resonance imaging on female offspring showed no difference in the subcutaneous, inguinal, and visceral fat content. We were able to validate this observation by sacrificing the rats at 4 and 8 months and measuring total body fat content. This showed no differences in body fat content between control and LP offspring in either males or females. Additionally, diabetic rats had a similar body mass index to that of the controls. CONCLUSION: LP gestational programming produces a progressively worsening T2D model in rats with a lean phenotype without obesity.
BACKGROUND:Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in lean individuals is not well studied and up to 26% of diabetes occurs in these individuals. Although the cause is not well understood, it has been primarily attributed to nutritional issues during early development. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to develop a lean T2D model using gestational low-protein (LP) programming. STUDY DESIGN: Pregnant rats were fed control (20% protein) or isocaloric LP (6%) diet from gestational day 4 until delivery. Standard diet was given to dams after delivery and to pups after weaning. Glucose tolerance test was done at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Magnetic resonance imaging of body fat for females was done at 4 months. Rats were sacrificed at 4 and 8 months of age and their perigonadal, perirenal, inguinal, and brown fat were weighed and expressed relative to their body weight. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp was done around 6 months of age. RESULTS: Male and female offspring exposed to a LP diet during gestation developed glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (IR). Further, glucose intolerance progressed with increasing age and occurred earlier and was more severe in females when compared to males. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp showed whole body IR in both sexes, with females demonstrating increased IR compared to males. LP females showed a 4.5-fold increase in IR while males showed a 2.5-fold increase when compared to their respective controls. Data from magnetic resonance imaging on female offspring showed no difference in the subcutaneous, inguinal, and visceral fat content. We were able to validate this observation by sacrificing the rats at 4 and 8 months and measuring total body fat content. This showed no differences in body fat content between control and LP offspring in either males or females. Additionally, diabeticrats had a similar body mass index to that of the controls. CONCLUSION: LP gestational programming produces a progressively worsening T2D model in rats with a lean phenotype without obesity.
Authors: V Mohan; R Vijayaprabha; M Rema; G Premalatha; S Poongothai; R Deepa; E Bhatia; I R Mackay; P Zimmet Journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract Date: 1997-11 Impact factor: 5.602
Authors: Tiffany A Katz; Sandra L Grimm; Akhilesh Kaushal; Jianrong Dong; Lindsey S Treviño; Rahul K Jangid; Adriana V Gaitán; Jean-Philippe Bertocchio; Youchen Guan; Matthew J Robertson; Robert M Cabrera; Milton J Finegold; Charles E Foulds; Cristian Coarfa; Cheryl Lyn Walker Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2020-01-15 Impact factor: 9.031