Alexander von Gontard1, Tom P V M de Jong2, Angie Rantell3, Anka Nieuwhof-Leppink4, Jasmin Katrin Badawi5, Linda Cardozo3. 1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany. 2. Department of Pediatric Urology, University Children's Hospitals UMC Utrecht and AMC Amsterdam, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Urogynaecology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom. 4. Pediatric Psychology and Social Work, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 5. Department of Urology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty of the Ruprechts-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Abstract
AIMS: To review studies on the associations of incontinence and special needs in children and adults and to outline future directions in research and clinical care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of literature was conducted. Open questions and future directions were discussed during the ICI-RS meeting in 2014. RESULTS: Special needs comprise a wide variety of conditions and disabilities. Individuals with special needs carry a greater risk for all types of incontinence. There is a high tendency for incontinence to persist from childhood into adulthood. Many people do not receive adequate medical care for their incontinence. CONCLUSIONS: More detailed research is needed, especially in the adult population with special needs. Assessment and treatment of incontinence should be offered routinely to all those with special needs.
AIMS: To review studies on the associations of incontinence and special needs in children and adults and to outline future directions in research and clinical care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of literature was conducted. Open questions and future directions were discussed during the ICI-RS meeting in 2014. RESULTS: Special needs comprise a wide variety of conditions and disabilities. Individuals with special needs carry a greater risk for all types of incontinence. There is a high tendency for incontinence to persist from childhood into adulthood. Many people do not receive adequate medical care for their incontinence. CONCLUSIONS: More detailed research is needed, especially in the adult population with special needs. Assessment and treatment of incontinence should be offered routinely to all those with special needs.