Amit K Keshari1, Ghanendra Kumar2, Priya S Kushwaha3, Monika Bhardwaj4, Pranesh Kumar5, Atul Rawat6, Dinesh Kumar7, Anand Prakash8, Balaram Ghosh9, Sudipta Saha10. 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India. Electronic address: Keshariamitkeshari.pharma@gmail.com. 2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India. Electronic address: ghanendra20@gmail.com. 3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India. Electronic address: priya.shail19@gmail.com. 4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India. Electronic address: bhardwaj.monika09@gmail.com. 5. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India. Electronic address: pranesh.psit@gmail.com. 6. Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi P ost-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India. Electronic address: atulcbmr@gmail.com. 7. Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi P ost-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India. Electronic address: dineshcbmr@gmail.com. 8. Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India. Electronic address: anandlohia@gmail.com. 9. Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani at Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad 500 078, India. Electronic address: balaram@hyderabad.bits-pilani.ac.in. 10. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India. Electronic address: sudiptapharm@gmail.com.
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ficus racemosa (FR) has been used for thousands of years in Ayurvedic system of medicine in India and is closely associated with prevention, treatment and cure of various human ailments like obesity and diabetes. It is popularly known as gular. A vast and wide range of chemical compounds like polyphenols, friedelane-type triterpenes, norfriedelane type triterpene, eudesmane-type sesquiterpene including various glycosides had been isolated from this plant. However, no detail studies related to isolation of flavonoids has been reported previously with their antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and toxicological consequences. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study was undertaken to evaluate antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and toxicological assessments of flavonoids isolated from Ficus racemosa (FR) stem bark. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We isolated four flavonoids from stem bark of FR and structures were confirmed by Infrared spectroscopy (IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (both 1D and 2D), mass spectroscopy (MS). Later, these flavonoids were administered to streptozotocin (STZ) rats once in a day for a period of seven days at 100mg/kg dose. We measured blood glucose level and body weight changes at different days (1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days). Serum lipid profiles were also estimated to investigate the hypolipidemic potential of flavonoids in the similar experiment. Various oxidative stress parameters in pancreas and liver and hepatic biomarker enzymes in plasma were also determined to investigate the toxicity potential of isolated flavonoids. Finally, we performed docking studies to find out the mechanism of action. RESULTS: Our results collectively suggested that four flavonoids reduced blood glucose level and restored body weight, signifying antidiabetic action. There were reduction of other lipid profile parameters and increase of high density lipoprotein (HDL) during administration of flavonoids, also signifying hypolipidemic action. Various oxidative stress biomarkers and hepatic enzymes levels were also normalized with respect to diabetic control at the same time. Docking studies revealed that isolated flavonoids showed their antidiabetic potential via binding to PPARγ and GLUT1 receptors. CONCLUSION: The isolated four flavonoids demonstrated good antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties in STZ diabetic rats which supported the use of FR stem bark as useful supplementary drug for future antidiabetic therapy.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ficus racemosa (FR) has been used for thousands of years in Ayurvedic system of medicine in India and is closely associated with prevention, treatment and cure of various human ailments like obesity and diabetes. It is popularly known as gular. A vast and wide range of chemical compounds like polyphenols, friedelane-type triterpenes, norfriedelane type triterpene, eudesmane-type sesquiterpene including various glycosides had been isolated from this plant. However, no detail studies related to isolation of flavonoids has been reported previously with their antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and toxicological consequences. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study was undertaken to evaluate antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and toxicological assessments of flavonoids isolated from Ficus racemosa (FR) stem bark. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We isolated four flavonoids from stem bark of FR and structures were confirmed by Infrared spectroscopy (IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (both 1D and 2D), mass spectroscopy (MS). Later, these flavonoids were administered to streptozotocin (STZ) rats once in a day for a period of seven days at 100mg/kg dose. We measured blood glucose level and body weight changes at different days (1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days). Serum lipid profiles were also estimated to investigate the hypolipidemic potential of flavonoids in the similar experiment. Various oxidative stress parameters in pancreas and liver and hepatic biomarker enzymes in plasma were also determined to investigate the toxicity potential of isolated flavonoids. Finally, we performed docking studies to find out the mechanism of action. RESULTS: Our results collectively suggested that four flavonoids reduced blood glucose level and restored body weight, signifying antidiabetic action. There were reduction of other lipid profile parameters and increase of high density lipoprotein (HDL) during administration of flavonoids, also signifying hypolipidemic action. Various oxidative stress biomarkers and hepatic enzymes levels were also normalized with respect to diabetic control at the same time. Docking studies revealed that isolated flavonoids showed their antidiabetic potential via binding to PPARγ and GLUT1 receptors. CONCLUSION: The isolated four flavonoids demonstrated good antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties in STZdiabeticrats which supported the use of FR stem bark as useful supplementary drug for future antidiabetic therapy.
Authors: Matheus D Baldissera; Carine F Souza; Thirssa H Grando; Pedro H Doleski; Aline A Boligon; Lenita M Stefani; Silvia G Monteiro Journal: Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol Date: 2016-12-02 Impact factor: 3.000
Authors: Fahadul Islam; Jannatul Fardous Khadija; Md Rezaul Islam; Sheikh Shohag; Saikat Mitra; Saad Alghamdi; Ahmad O Babalghith; Abdulrahman Theyab; Mohammad Tauhidur Rahman; Aklima Akter; Abdullah Al Mamun; Fahad A Alhumaydhi; Talha Bin Emran Journal: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med Date: 2022-06-21 Impact factor: 2.650
Authors: Pranesh Kumar; Ashok K Singh; Vinit Raj; Amit Rai; Amit K Keshari; Dinesh Kumar; Biswanath Maity; Anand Prakash; Sabyasachi Maiti; Sudipta Saha Journal: Int J Nanomedicine Date: 2018-02-16
Authors: Amit K Keshari; Ashok K Singh; Umesh Kumar; Vinit Raj; Amit Rai; Pranesh Kumar; Dinesh Kumar; Biswanath Maity; Sneha Nath; Anand Prakash; Sudipta Saha Journal: Drug Des Devel Ther Date: 2017-10-13 Impact factor: 4.162
Authors: Juliana Mikaelly Dias Soares; Ana Ediléia Barbosa Pereira Leal; Juliane Cabral Silva; Jackson R G S Almeida; Helinando Pequeno de Oliveira Journal: Pharmacogn Mag Date: 2017-11-13 Impact factor: 1.085