Andrew T Kaczynski1, Jasper Schipperijn2, J Aaron Hipp3, Gina M Besenyi4, Sonja A Wilhelm Stanis5, S Morgan Hughey6, Sara Wilcox7. 1. Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA; Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA. Electronic address: atkaczyn@mailbox.sc.edu. 2. Department of Sport Sciences and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern, Denmark. 3. Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management and Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, USA. 4. Department of Clinical and Digital Health Sciences, Georgia Regents University, USA. 5. Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism, University of Missouri, USA. 6. Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA. 7. Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA; Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: A lack of comprehensive and standardized metrics for measuring park exposure limits park-related research and health promotion efforts. This study aimed to develop and demonstrate an empirically-derived and spatially-represented index of park access (ParkIndex) that would allow researchers, planners, and citizens to evaluate the potential for park use for a given area. METHODS: Data used for developing ParkIndex were collected in 2010 in Kansas City, Missouri (KCMO). Adult study participants (n=891) reported whether they used a park within the past month, and all parks in KCMO were mapped and audited using ArcGIS 9.3 and the Community Park Audit Tool. Four park summary variables - distance to nearest park, and the number of parks, amount of park space, and average park quality index within 1mile were analyzed in relation to park use using logistic regression. Coefficients for significant park summary variables were used to create a raster surface (ParkIndex) representing the probability of park use for all 100m×100m cells in KCMO. RESULTS: Two park summary variables were positively associated with park use - the number of parks and the average park quality index within 1 mile. The ParkIndex probability of park use across all cells in KCMO ranged from 17 to 77 out of 100. CONCLUSION: ParkIndex represents a standardized metric of park access that combines elements of both park availability and quality, which was developed empirically and can be represented spatially. This tool has both practical and conceptual significance for researchers and professionals in diverse disciplines.
OBJECTIVE: A lack of comprehensive and standardized metrics for measuring park exposure limits park-related research and health promotion efforts. This study aimed to develop and demonstrate an empirically-derived and spatially-represented index of park access (ParkIndex) that would allow researchers, planners, and citizens to evaluate the potential for park use for a given area. METHODS: Data used for developing ParkIndex were collected in 2010 in Kansas City, Missouri (KCMO). Adult study participants (n=891) reported whether they used a park within the past month, and all parks in KCMO were mapped and audited using ArcGIS 9.3 and the Community Park Audit Tool. Four park summary variables - distance to nearest park, and the number of parks, amount of park space, and average park quality index within 1mile were analyzed in relation to park use using logistic regression. Coefficients for significant park summary variables were used to create a raster surface (ParkIndex) representing the probability of park use for all 100m×100m cells in KCMO. RESULTS: Two park summary variables were positively associated with park use - the number of parks and the average park quality index within 1 mile. The ParkIndex probability of park use across all cells in KCMO ranged from 17 to 77 out of 100. CONCLUSION: ParkIndex represents a standardized metric of park access that combines elements of both park availability and quality, which was developed empirically and can be represented spatially. This tool has both practical and conceptual significance for researchers and professionals in diverse disciplines.
Authors: Elizabeth L Oliphant; S Morgan Hughey; Ellen W Stowe; Andrew T Kaczynski; Jasper Schipperijn; J Aaron Hipp Journal: J Park Recreat Admi Date: 2019-02-08
Authors: Jasper Schipperijn; Ester Cerin; Marc A Adams; Rodrigo Reis; Graham Smith; Kelli Cain; Lars B Christiansen; Delfien van Dyck; Christopher Gidlow; Lawrence D Frank; Josef Mitáš; Michael Pratt; Deborah Salvo; Grant Schofield; James F Sallis Journal: Urban For Urban Green Date: 2017-08-25
Authors: Roy P Remme; Howard Frumkin; Anne D Guerry; Abby C King; Lisa Mandle; Chethan Sarabu; Gregory N Bratman; Billie Giles-Corti; Perrine Hamel; Baolong Han; Jennifer L Hicks; Peter James; Joshua J Lawler; Therese Lindahl; Hongxiao Liu; Yi Lu; Bram Oosterbroek; Bibek Paudel; James F Sallis; Jasper Schipperijn; Rok Sosič; Sjerp de Vries; Benedict W Wheeler; Spencer A Wood; Tong Wu; Gretchen C Daily Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2021-06-01 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Graham Smith; Marta Cirach; Wim Swart; Audrius Dėdelė; Christopher Gidlow; Elise van Kempen; Hanneke Kruize; Regina Gražulevičienė; Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen Journal: Int J Health Geogr Date: 2017-04-26 Impact factor: 3.918
Authors: Tanya M Horacek; Elif Dede Yildirim; Dean Seidman; Carol Byrd-Bredbenner; Sarah Colby; Adrienne A White; Karla P Shelnutt; Melissa D Olfert; Anne E Mathews; Kristin Riggsbee; Lisa Franzen-Castle; Jesse Stabile Morrell; Kendra Kattelmann Journal: J Environ Public Health Date: 2019-05-19
Authors: Elliott P Flowers; Anna Timperio; Kylie D Hesketh; Jenny Veitch Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2019-05-13 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Andrew T Kaczynski; S Morgan Hughey; Ellen W Stowe; Marilyn E Wende; J Aaron Hipp; Elizabeth L Oliphant; Jasper Schipperijn Journal: Prev Med Rep Date: 2020-10-03
Authors: Gregory S Macfarlane; Emma Stucki; Alisha H Redelfs; Lori Andersen Spruance Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-09-28 Impact factor: 4.614