Yong Seung Lee1, Myung-Joon Kim2, Sang Won Han3, Hye Sun Lee4, Young-Jae Im5, Hyun Joo Shin6, Mi-Jung Lee7. 1. Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea. Electronic address: asforthelord@yuhs.ac. 2. Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea. Electronic address: mjkim@yuhs.ac. 3. Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea. Electronic address: swhan58@yuhs.ac. 4. Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea. Electronic address: hslee1@yuhs.ac. 5. Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea. Electronic address: yjim@yuhs.ac. 6. Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea. Electronic address: lamer-22@yuhs.ac. 7. Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea. Electronic address: mjl1213@yuhs.ac.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To compare the detectability of perfusion difference between normal and undescended testes (UDT) in young children using conventional Power Doppler Imaging (PDI) and Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI). METHODS: We prospectively performed testicular ultrasonography including PDI and SMI for the evaluation of microvascular flow in young children. Microvascular flow was categorized into four grades (grade 0-4). Statistical analysis was performed to compare the differences between undescended and normal testes. RESULTS: We imaged 40 testes from 20 boys (age, 2-29 months). Testes sizes and volumes were similar between the 29 normal and 11 UDT. PDI demonstrated low grade flow in most normal (19/29) and UDT (11/11) without difference (P=0.130). However, SMI detected differences in flow grades between normal and UDT (P<0.001). In univariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR], 0.829; P=0.012) and low grade flow on SMI (OR of grade 0, 51.886 with P<0.001 and OR of grade 1, 14.29 with P=0.017) were associated with UDT. These parameters were also significant in multivariate analysis with larger area under the curve, compared with the results using PDI (0.892 vs. 0.726, P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: SMI can detect perfusion difference between normal and UDT in young children better than PDI.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the detectability of perfusion difference between normal and undescended testes (UDT) in young children using conventional Power Doppler Imaging (PDI) and Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI). METHODS: We prospectively performed testicular ultrasonography including PDI and SMI for the evaluation of microvascular flow in young children. Microvascular flow was categorized into four grades (grade 0-4). Statistical analysis was performed to compare the differences between undescended and normal testes. RESULTS: We imaged 40 testes from 20 boys (age, 2-29 months). Testes sizes and volumes were similar between the 29 normal and 11 UDT. PDI demonstrated low grade flow in most normal (19/29) and UDT (11/11) without difference (P=0.130). However, SMI detected differences in flow grades between normal and UDT (P<0.001). In univariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR], 0.829; P=0.012) and low grade flow on SMI (OR of grade 0, 51.886 with P<0.001 and OR of grade 1, 14.29 with P=0.017) were associated with UDT. These parameters were also significant in multivariate analysis with larger area under the curve, compared with the results using PDI (0.892 vs. 0.726, P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: SMI can detect perfusion difference between normal and UDT in young children better than PDI.