[Genomic, proteomic and metabolomic predictors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development in obese patients. Part I].

The prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases associated to obesity require a qualitative increase of efficiency. There are still disputable questions about diagnostic significance of some molecules, including genomic, proteomic and metabolomic biomarkers. We observed 72 obese patients (20 men and 52 women, mean age--41.3 +/- 2.5) and performed ultrasound elastography and ultrasound of liver. We have identified two groups of patients: Group 1 consisted of 50 obese patients without complications (BMI 43.2 +/- 0.6), group 2 consisted of 22 patients with obesity complicated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (BMI 45.8 +/- 2.3). Determination of the adipokines (adiponectin, ghrelin, resistin, visfatin, and apelin), cytokine (interleukin--6, TNFalpha) oxidized lipoproteins (oxLDL), adhesion molecule sICAM (soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule), fatty acid transporter L-FABP in serum was performed by ELISA. The study of the lipid metabolism involved determination of the concentration of total cholesterols, triglycerides, low and high density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) by turbidimetry and spectrophotometry by analyzer. In addition, we conducted analysis of polymorphic alleles epsilon2, epsilon3, episolon4 of ApoE gene using polymerase chain reaction. Our data indicate that reducing the concentration of adiponectin (0.46-1.71 mcg/ml), increasing the level of glucose (5.57-6.25 mmol/l), triglycerides (2.06-3.94 mmol/l), TNFalpha (5.07-16.68 pg/ml) and L-FABP (11.62-23.76 pg/ml) are predictors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese patients, and the presence of genotype epsilon3/epsilon4 of ApoE gene is a poor prognostic marker of severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.