OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine which component of drug-eluting stents (DES) plays a major role in enhanced coronary vasoconstricting responses after DES implantation in pigs. BACKGROUND: Recent studies have reported unremitting angina due to vasomotion abnormalities even after successful DES implantation. However, it remains to be elucidated which component of DES (metal stent, polymer coating, or antiproliferative drug) is responsible for DES-induced coronary hyperconstricting responses. METHODS: We developed poly-dl-lactic acid and polycaprolactone (PDLLA-PCL) copolymer technology with higher biocompatibility that is resorbed within 3 months. Four types of coronary stents were made: 1) a stent with polylactic acid (PLA) polymer coating containing antiproliferative drug (P1+D+); 2) a stent with PLA polymer coating alone without any drug (P1+D-); 3) a stent with novel PDLLA-PCL polymer coating alone (P2+D-); and 4) a bare metal stent (P-D-). The 4 stents were randomly deployed in the left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary arteries in 12 pigs. RESULTS: After 1 month, coronary vasoconstriction by intracoronary serotonin was enhanced at P1+D+ and P1+D- stent edges compared with P2+D- and P-D- stent edges and was prevented by a specific Rho-kinase (a central molecule of coronary spasm) inhibitor, hydroxyfasudil. Immunostainings showed that inflammatory changes and Rho-kinase activation were significantly enhanced at P1+D+ and P1+D- sites compared with P2+D- and P-D- sites. There were significant positive correlations between the extent of inflammation or Rho-kinase expression/activation and that of coronary vasoconstriction. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate the important roles of PLA polymer coating in DES-induced coronary vasoconstricting responses through inflammatory changes and Rho-kinase activation in pigs in vivo, which are ameliorated by PDLLA-PCL copolymers.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine which component of drug-eluting stents (DES) plays a major role in enhanced coronary vasoconstricting responses after DES implantation in pigs. BACKGROUND: Recent studies have reported unremitting angina due to vasomotion abnormalities even after successful DES implantation. However, it remains to be elucidated which component of DES (metal stent, polymer coating, or antiproliferative drug) is responsible for DES-induced coronary hyperconstricting responses. METHODS: We developed poly-dl-lactic acid and polycaprolactone (PDLLA-PCL) copolymer technology with higher biocompatibility that is resorbed within 3 months. Four types of coronary stents were made: 1) a stent with polylactic acid (PLA) polymer coating containing antiproliferative drug (P1+D+); 2) a stent with PLApolymer coating alone without any drug (P1+D-); 3) a stent with novel PDLLA-PCL polymer coating alone (P2+D-); and 4) a bare metal stent (P-D-). The 4 stents were randomly deployed in the left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary arteries in 12 pigs. RESULTS: After 1 month, coronary vasoconstriction by intracoronary serotonin was enhanced at P1+D+ and P1+D- stent edges compared with P2+D- and P-D- stent edges and was prevented by a specific Rho-kinase (a central molecule of coronary spasm) inhibitor, hydroxyfasudil. Immunostainings showed that inflammatory changes and Rho-kinase activation were significantly enhanced at P1+D+ and P1+D- sites compared with P2+D- and P-D- sites. There were significant positive correlations between the extent of inflammation or Rho-kinase expression/activation and that of coronary vasoconstriction. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate the important roles of PLApolymer coating in DES-induced coronary vasoconstricting responses through inflammatory changes and Rho-kinase activation in pigs in vivo, which are ameliorated by PDLLA-PCL copolymers.