Review of the smiliogastrin cyprinids of the Kwilu River (Kasai Basin, central Africa), revised diagnosis for Clypeobarbus (Cyprinidae: Cyprininae: Smiliogastrini) and description of a new species.

A revised diagnosis for the smiliogastrin genus Clypeobarbus is provided and a new species, Clypeobarbus breviclipeus, from the Kwilu River (Kasai Basin) of central Africa, is described. Another species co-occurring in the Kwilu system, 'Barbus' matthesi, shares all diagnostic morphological synapomorphies of Clypeobarbus and its generic reassignment is proposed with a taxonomic redescription provided. Nine species are now placed within Clypeobarbus: Clypeobarbus pleuropholis, Clypeobarbus congicus, Clypeobarbus pseudognathodon, Clypeobarbus bomokandi, Clypeobarbus hypsolepis, Clypeobarbus schoutedeni, Clypeobarbus matthesi, Clypeobarbus bellcrossi and Clypeobarbus breviclipeus n. sp.