Magnetic field sensor using the fiber loop ring-down technique and an etched fiber coated with magnetic fluid.

The fiber loop ring-down spectroscopy technique is introduced into the evanescent-field-based sensing scheme in order to create a new type of fiber-based magnetic field sensor. As a consequence, the sensitivity and stability of the magnetic field sensing system are significantly enhanced. The sensor head is constructed using a section of a single-mode fiber with its cladding partially etched. The process of fiber etching is described in detail, and the relationship between the diameter of the etched fiber and the etching time is experimentally investigated. After adopting the appropriate size of the etched fiber, the final experimental results show that the magnetic field strength has a well-defined linear relationship with the inverse of the ring-down time τ over a range of 30 mT with a sensitivity of 95.5 ns/mT.