Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation - Techniques and Technology.

For certain patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation is now an important, therapeutic, intervention. It is established that catheter ablation is more effective than antiarrhythmic drug therapy at maintaining middle-aged patients with paroxysmal AF in sinus rhythm. However, the role of catheter ablation in other patient groups is not yet well defined. Particularly in patients with long-standing persistent AF, heart failure and the elderly, the efficacy of catheter ablation remains uncertain. At experienced centers catheter ablation for AF can be performed with reasonable safety and efficacy. However, major complications can occasionally occur. Late recurrence of AF is not uncommon and many patients will require a further procedure to maintain sinus rhythm. Fortunately, there are promising developments in the techniques and technology used for AF ablation that are likely to improve the outcomes of the procedure.