C B Lourenço1, J A Ataide2, L C Cefali1, L C D L Novaes3, P Moriel2, E Silveira3,4, E B Tambourgi5, P G Mazzola6. 1. Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Technology of Bioactive Products, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil. 2. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil. 3. Posdoctorade Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil. 4. Genetics and Biochesmitry Institute, Uberlandia Federal University (UFU), Uberlandia, Brazil. 5. School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil. 6. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil. pmazzola@fcf.unicamp.br.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bromelain is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes found in various tissues of the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus) and other species of Bromeliaceae. Owing to its proteolytic activity, bromelain has been used in the food, medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, for its cell renewal, anti-ageing, whitening and anti-cellulite properties. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the stability of bromelain (commercial powder) incorporated in topical formulations. METHODS: Bromelain was incorporated at three concentrations, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%, in oil-in-water emulsion and gel, and stored for six months at varying stress conditions. Stability was accessed by measuring the changes in the protein content, enzymatic activity, viscosity, rheology, pH and colour of the selected formulations. RESULTS: The colour of all the samples changed after 180 days of incubation, indicating the concentration-dependence and temperature-sensitive nature of these formulations. No relationship was observed between the changes in the pH, temperature and luminosity exposure in all the samples. Gels proved to be the least preferred base for incorporation of bromelain for use as a topical formulation, owing to its inability to maintain the integrity of bromelain, thereby affecting the formulation characteristics. CONCLUSION: The emulsion-based formulations at all the concentrations of bromelain were more stable than the gel-based formulation over 180 days of evaluation, at a temperature of 5°C, protected from light.
BACKGROUND: Bromelain is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes found in various tissues of the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus) and other species of Bromeliaceae. Owing to its proteolytic activity, bromelain has been used in the food, medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, for its cell renewal, anti-ageing, whitening and anti-cellulite properties. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the stability of bromelain (commercial powder) incorporated in topical formulations. METHODS: Bromelain was incorporated at three concentrations, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%, in oil-in-water emulsion and gel, and stored for six months at varying stress conditions. Stability was accessed by measuring the changes in the protein content, enzymatic activity, viscosity, rheology, pH and colour of the selected formulations. RESULTS: The colour of all the samples changed after 180 days of incubation, indicating the concentration-dependence and temperature-sensitive nature of these formulations. No relationship was observed between the changes in the pH, temperature and luminosity exposure in all the samples. Gels proved to be the least preferred base for incorporation of bromelain for use as a topical formulation, owing to its inability to maintain the integrity of bromelain, thereby affecting the formulation characteristics. CONCLUSION: The emulsion-based formulations at all the concentrations of bromelain were more stable than the gel-based formulation over 180 days of evaluation, at a temperature of 5°C, protected from light.
Authors: Janaína Artem Ataide; Eloah Favero Gérios; Letícia Caramori Cefali; Ana Rita Fernandes; Maria do Céu Teixeira; Nuno R Ferreira; Elias Basile Tambourgi; Angela Faustino Jozala; Marco Vinicius Chaud; Laura Oliveira-Nascimento; Priscila Gava Mazzola; Eliana B Souto Journal: Polymers (Basel) Date: 2019-10-15 Impact factor: 4.329
Authors: Abigail García-Villegas; Alejandro Rojas-García; María Del Carmen Villegas-Aguilar; Patricia Fernández-Moreno; Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa; María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea; David Arráez-Román; Antonio Segura-Carretero Journal: Antioxidants (Basel) Date: 2022-01-21