Nicholas A McKeag1, Michelle C McKinley, Mark T Harbinson, Ann McGinty, Charlotte E Neville, Jayne V Woodside, Pascal P McKeown. 1. Nicholas A. McKeag, MB, BCh, PhD Clinical Research Fellow, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, and The Heart Centre, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, United Kingdom. Michelle C. McKinley, PhD Senior Lecturer, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom. Mark T. Harbinson, MD Senior Lecturer, Centre for Medical Education, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, and The Heart Centre, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, United Kingdom. Ann McGinty, PhD Lecturer, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom. Charlotte E. Neville, PhD Research Fellow, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom. Jayne V. Woodside, PhD Professor, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom. Pascal P. McKeown, MD Professor, Centre for Medical Education, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, and The Heart Centre, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, United Kingdom.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Observational studies suggest that patients with heart failure have a tendency to a reduced status of a number of micronutrients and that this may be associated with an adverse prognosis. A small number of studies also suggest that patients with heart failure may have reduced dietary intake of micronutrients, a possible mechanism for reduced status. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to assess dietary micronutrient intake and micronutrient status in a group of patients with heart failure. METHODS: Dietary intake was assessed in 79 outpatients with chronic stable heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Blood concentrations of a number of micronutrients, including vitamin D, were measured in fasting blood samples, drawn at the time of food frequency questionnaire completion. RESULTS: More than 20% of patients reported intakes less than the reference nutrient intake or recommended intake for riboflavin, vitamin D, vitamin A, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, copper, selenium, and iodine. More than 5% of patients reported intakes less than the lower reference nutrient intake or minimum recommended intake for riboflavin, vitamin D, vitamin A, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, selenium, and iodine. Vitamin D deficiency (plasma total 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentration <50 nmol/L) was observed in 75.6% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency was common in this group of patients with heart failure. Based on self-reported dietary intake, a substantial number of individuals may not have been consuming enough vitamin D and a modest number of individuals may not have been consuming enough riboflavin, vitamin A, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, copper, selenium, or iodine to meet their dietary needs.
BACKGROUND: Observational studies suggest that patients with heart failure have a tendency to a reduced status of a number of micronutrients and that this may be associated with an adverse prognosis. A small number of studies also suggest that patients with heart failure may have reduced dietary intake of micronutrients, a possible mechanism for reduced status. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to assess dietary micronutrient intake and micronutrient status in a group of patients with heart failure. METHODS: Dietary intake was assessed in 79 outpatients with chronic stable heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Blood concentrations of a number of micronutrients, including vitamin D, were measured in fasting blood samples, drawn at the time of food frequency questionnaire completion. RESULTS: More than 20% of patients reported intakes less than the reference nutrient intake or recommended intake for riboflavin, vitamin D, vitamin A, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, copper, selenium, and iodine. More than 5% of patients reported intakes less than the lower reference nutrient intake or minimum recommended intake for riboflavin, vitamin D, vitamin A, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, selenium, and iodine. Vitamin D deficiency (plasma total 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentration <50 nmol/L) was observed in 75.6% of patients. CONCLUSIONS:Vitamin D deficiency was common in this group of patients with heart failure. Based on self-reported dietary intake, a substantial number of individuals may not have been consuming enough vitamin D and a modest number of individuals may not have been consuming enough riboflavin, vitamin A, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, copper, selenium, or iodine to meet their dietary needs.
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