Delay and misdiagnosis of basidiobolomycosis in tropical South India: case series and review of the literature.

Basidiobolomycosis caused by Basidiobolus ranarum is a rare infection of the subcutaneous tissues in immune-competent patients which occurs predominantly in children and young adults. Primary physicians often misdiagnose the condition owing to its slow, painless, relentless growth, absence of response to antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs and unfamiliarity with this lesion. All cases of subcutaneous basidiobolomycosis in children aged between 1 and 12 years presenting at a tertiary hospital in Pondicherry over a period of 4 years (2007-2011) were analysed. Eight cases were seen and confirmed by histopathology and microbiology. Referral diagnoses varied widely from chronic abscess to tuberculosis to malignancy, including testicular tumour. Lesion sites include the gluteal region, thigh and scrotum (extremely rare). Four weeks of oral itraconazole in seven children and fluconazole (5 mg/kg) in one cured them completely. During follow-up for over 1 year, no recurrence or new lesions were noted. Basidiobolomycosis is a rare, often misdiagnosed infection in children which responds well to triazole antifungals such as itraconazole and fluconazole.