Dietary protein restriction in chronic renal failure: an update.

In recent years dietary protein restriction (DPR) to slow down the progression rate of chronic renal disease has been a major field in nephrological science. In this update a brief historical overview is given, as well as a critical review regarding the now available data from clinical trials. Furthermore, the theoretical backgrounds of DPR are discussed. It is concluded that DPR has profound effects on the kidney. In certain diseases, especially primary glomerular disease, the beneficial effect seems proven. However, many questions remain to be answered, e.g. how to apply reliable statistics in chronic renal failure, how to obtain and monitor patient compliance, and the definition of the exact target group since the diet has a selective effect. Most of these questions will be answered in the coming years when data becomes available from large scale multicenter trials. Awaiting these results, proposals for the treatment with diet are made, based on the facts that are now to our knowledge.