The long-term and extensive efficacy of low dose thalidomide in a case of an untransfusable patient with Non-Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia.

Patients with Non-Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia may require regular transfusion therapy. However, these patients are at risk of developing irregular antibodies, making them untransfusable. Second line treatment usually includes hydroxyurea, which however is not effective in all patients. Other treatment options include thalidomide, which has been reported to be safe and effective in selected patients. We report the case of a patient who experienced improvement of hemoglobin levels and of a part of NTDT related complications, following 36months of continuous therapy with low doses of thalidomide.