Emergence of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 (ST131) and ST3948 with KPC-2, KPC-3 and KPC-8 carbapenemases from a Long-Term Care and Rehabilitation Facility (LTCRF) in Northern Italy.

Aim of the study was to characterize KPC-producing Escherichia coli (KPC-Ec) clinical isolates among a Northern Italy Long-Term Care and Rehabilitation Facility (LTCRF) residents. Thirteen consecutive non repeated MDR E. coli isolates showing ertapenem Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) >0.5 mg/L, collected during the period March 2011 - May 2013 from ASP "Redaelli" inpatients, were investigated. The bla KPC/CTX-M/SHV/TEM/OXA genes were identified by PCR and sequencing. KPC-Ec isolates underwent phylotyping, Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) profiling. Incompatibility groups analysis and conjugation were also performed. Eleven out of 13 isolates, resulted bla KPC-type positive, were consistently resistant to third generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim-sulphametoxazole (84.6 %), retaining susceptibility to colistin (EUCAST guidelines). At least n = 4/11 of KPC-Ec patients received ≥48 h of meropenem therapy. Sequencing identified 9 bla KPC-2, 1 bla KPC-3 and 1 bla KPC-8 determinants. KPC-Ec plasmids belonged to IncF group (FIIk replicon); conjugation confirmed bla KPC/TEM-1/OXA-9 genes transferability for 10 KPC-Ec. Although three pulsotypes (A, B, C) were identified, all KPC-Ec belonged to phylogenetic group B2. Clone B (B-B5) caused an outbreak of infection involving nine inpatients at five wards. Rep-PCR showed relatedness for seven representative KPC-Ec isolates. Here we report a LTCRF outbreak caused by a ST131-B2 E. coli associated with bla KPC-2 and bla KPC-8 genes, and the emergence of the new ST3948. Elderly people with co-morbidities are at risk for ST131 colonization. KPC-Ec clones local monitoring appears essential both to avoid their spreading among healthcare settings, and to improve therapeutic choices for LTCRF residents.