Literature DB >> 26807291

Molecular Genetic Testing in Pain and Addiction: Facts, Fiction and Clinical Utility.

Kenneth Blum1, Mary Hauser2, James Fratantonio3, Rajendra D Badgaiyan.   

Abstract

The Brain Reward Cascade (BRC) is an interaction of neurotransmitters and their respective genes to control the amount of dopamine released within the brain. Any variations within this pathway, whether genetic or environmental (epigenetic), may result in addictive behaviors as well as altered pain tolerance. While there are many studies claiming a genetic association with addiction and other behavioral infractions, defined as Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS), not all are scientifically accurate and in some case just wrong. Albeit our bias, we discuss herein the facts and fictions behind molecular genetic testing in RDS (including pain and addiction) and the significance behind the development of the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARSPREDX™), the first test to accurately predict one's genetic risk for RDS.

Entities:  

Keywords:  Brain Reward Cascade; DRD2; Gene variations; Genetic Addiction Risk Score; Reward Deficiency Syndrome

Year:  2015        PMID： 26807291      PMCID： PMC4720149          DOI： 10.1515/addge-2015-0001

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Addict Genet        ISSN： 2084-7688


  31 in total

1.  Association between the D2 dopamine receptor gene and alcoholism. A continuing controversy.

Authors:  P M Conneally
Journal:  Arch Gen Psychiatry       Date:  1991-08

2.  Case-control study of the D2 dopamine receptor gene and smoking status in lung cancer patients.

Authors:  M R Spitz; H Shi; F Yang; K S Hudmon; H Jiang; R M Chamberlain; C I Amos; Y Wan; P Cinciripini; W K Hong; X Wu
Journal:  J Natl Cancer Inst       Date:  1998-03-04       Impact factor: 13.506

3.  Differential roles of GABA(A) receptor subtypes in benzodiazepine-induced enhancement of brain-stimulation reward.

Authors:  Lauren M Reynolds; Elif Engin; Gabriella Tantillo; Hew Mun Lau; John W Muschamp; William A Carlezon; Uwe Rudolph
Journal:  Neuropsychopharmacology       Date:  2012-07-04       Impact factor: 7.853

4.  Dopamine and opioid gene variants are associated with increased smoking reward and reinforcement owing to negative mood.

Authors:  Kenneth A Perkins; Caryn Lerman; Amy Grottenthaler; Melinda M Ciccocioppo; Melissa Milanak; Cynthia A Conklin; Andrew W Bergen; Neal L Benowitz
Journal:  Behav Pharmacol       Date:  2008-09       Impact factor: 2.293

5.  Effects of dopamine transporter and receptor polymorphisms on smoking cessation in a bupropion clinical trial.

Authors:  Caryn Lerman; Peter G Shields; E Paul Wileyto; Janet Audrain; Larry H Hawk; Angela Pinto; Susan Kucharski; Shiva Krishnan; Ray Niaura; Leonard H Epstein
Journal:  Health Psychol       Date:  2003-09       Impact factor: 4.267

6.  Neurotransmission-related genetic polymorphisms, negative affectivity traits, and gender predict tobacco abstinence symptoms across 44 days with and without nicotine patch.

Authors:  David G Gilbert; Yantao Zuo; Norka E Rabinovich; Hege Riise; Rachel Needham; Jodi I Huggenvik
Journal:  J Abnorm Psychol       Date:  2009-05

7.  Transcriptome organization for chronic alcohol abuse in human brain.

Authors:  S P Farris; D Arasappan; S Hunicke-Smith; R A Harris; R D Mayfield
Journal:  Mol Psychiatry       Date:  2014-12-02       Impact factor: 15.992

Review 8.  Hatching the behavioral addiction egg: Reward Deficiency Solution System (RDSS)™ as a function of dopaminergic neurogenetics and brain functional connectivity linking all addictions under a common rubric.

Authors:  Kenneth Blum; Marcelo Febo; Thomas McLaughlin; Frans J Cronjé; David Han; S Mark Gold
Journal:  J Behav Addict       Date:  2014-08-26       Impact factor: 6.756

9.  Genetic influence of dopamine receptor, dopamine transporter, and nicotine metabolism on smoking cessation and nicotine dependence in a Japanese population.

Authors:  Masanori Ohmoto; Tatsuo Takahashi; Yoko Kubota; Shinjiro Kobayashi; Yasuhide Mitsumoto
Journal:  BMC Genet       Date:  2014-12-20       Impact factor: 2.797

10.  Genetic risk prediction and neurobiological understanding of alcoholism.

Authors:  D F Levey; H Le-Niculescu; J Frank; M Ayalew; N Jain; B Kirlin; R Learman; E Winiger; Z Rodd; A Shekhar; N Schork; F Kiefer; F Kiefe; N Wodarz; B Müller-Myhsok; N Dahmen; M Nöthen; R Sherva; L Farrer; A H Smith; H R Kranzler; M Rietschel; J Gelernter; A B Niculescu
Journal:  Transl Psychiatry       Date:  2014-05-20       Impact factor: 6.222
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  3 in total

1.  The Benefits of Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS™) Testing in Substance Use Disorder (SUD).

Authors:  Kenneth Blum; Edward J Modestino; Marjorie Gondre-Lewis; Edwin J Chapman; Jennifer Neary; David Siwicki; David Baron; Mary Hauser; David E Smith; Alphonse Kenison Roy; Panayotis K Thanos; Bruce Steinberg; Thomas McLaughlin; Lyle Fried; Debmalya Barh; Georgia A Dunston; Rajendra D Badgaiyan
Journal:  Int J Genom Data Min       Date:  2018-01-15

Review 2.  A Review of DNA Risk Alleles to Determine Epigenetic Repair of mRNA Expression to Prove Therapeutic Effectiveness in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Embracing "Precision Behavioral Management".

Authors:  Kenneth Blum; Bruce Steinberg; Marjorie C Gondre-Lewis; David Baron; Edward J Modestino; Rajendra D Badgaiyan; B William Downs; Debasis Bagchi; Raymond Brewer; Thomas McLaughlin; Abdalla Bowirrat; Mark Gold
Journal:  Psychol Res Behav Manag       Date:  2021-12-17

3.  High Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) in Chronically Prescribed Severe Chronic Opioid Probands Attending Multi-pain Clinics: an Open Clinical Pilot Trial.

Authors:  Mark Moran; Kenneth Blum; Jessica Valdez Ponce; Lisa Lott; Marjorie C Gondré-Lewis; Sampada Badgaiyan; Raymond Brewer; B William Downs; Philip Fynman; Alexander Weingarten; Jean Lud Cadet; David E Smith; David Baron; Panayotis K Thanos; Edward J Modestino; Rajendra D Badgaiyan; Igor Elman; Mark S Gold
Journal:  Mol Neurobiol       Date:  2021-03-08       Impact factor: 5.590
  3 in total

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