Literature DB >> 26798235

Checklist of recent brachiopod species collected during the Terrasses and Exbodi cruises in the New Caledonian region, SW Pacific.

Maria Aleksandra Bitner1.   

Abstract

Twenty species belonging to 16 genera, i.e. Neoancistrocrania, Novocrania, Basiliola, Basiliolella, Ebiscothyris, Stenosarina, Kanakythyris, Xenobrochus, Terebratulina, Eucalathis, Fallax, Frenulina, Septicollarina, Campages, Annuloplatidia, and Thecidellina have been identified in the material collected during the Terrasses and Exbodi cruises in the New Caledonian region, SW Pacific. The species Basiliolella grayi (Woodward, 1855) and Fallax neocaledonensis Laurin, 1997 are the most common in the studied collection, while Eucalathis murrayi (Davidson, 1878) is reported for the first time from the New Caledonian region.

Entities:  

Keywords:  Brachiopoda; New Caledonia; South-West Pacific; biodiversity

Year:  2015        PMID: 26798235      PMCID: PMC4714045          DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.537.6567

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Zookeys        ISSN: 1313-2970            Impact factor:   1.546


Introduction

The New Caledonia Exclusive Economic Zone, comprising the area from Vanuatu to Chesterfield Islands, is one of the most intensively investigated regions in the Indo-West Pacific Province; more than 40 oceanographic expeditions have been organized by French institutions within the programme Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos (formerly PageBreakMusorstom; see also Bouchet et al. 2008). Brachiopods collected in this region have been described in many publications (e.g. d’Hondt 1987; Laurin 1992, 1997; Bitner 2007a, 2009, 2010, 2011; Bitner et al. 2008; Bitner and Cohen 2015). This paper deals with brachiopods collected during two cruises, Terrasses and Exbodi, organized by the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris and by the Institut de la Recherche pour le Développement, Nouméa, New Caledonia on R.V. “Alis” (Fig. 1). The cruise Terrasses (http://expeditions.mnhn.fr/campaign/terrasses) was carried out from 15 to 31 October 2008, south of New Caledonia, whereas the cruise Exbodi (http://expeditions.mnhn.fr/campaign/exbodi) to the Loyalty Ridge, east of New Caledonia was carried out from 2 to 28 September 2011. Samples were collected using a Warén dredge (DW) or a trawl (CP, CC). The brachiopods were found in 46 of 99 PageBreakTerrasses stations, and in 56 of 161 Exbodi stations. See the Appendix for details of the stations and species distributions. The collections are stored in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris under catalogue numbers IB-2013-171 to IB-2013-271, IB-2013-516 to IB-2013-552, and IB-2013-585 to IB-2013-616.
Figure 1.

Location map of the brachiopod-bearing stations of the Terrasses and Exbodi expeditions. 1 DW 3032 2 DW 3039–3042; 3 CP 3047 4 CP 3051 5 DW 3056 6 DW 3059–3060 7 DW 3062–3063, CP 3065–3068, DW 3069, CP 3070 8 DW 3072, DW 3075–3077 9 DW 3078–3079, DW 3082–3083 10 DW 3086, DW 3089–3090, CP 3091 11 DW 3093–3094, CP 3834 12 DW 3100, DW 3102, CP 3104, DW 3106–3110 13 DW 3120–3124, DW 3129 14 DW 3784–3785, CP 3786, DW 3787, CP 3788–3789, CP 3791–3793 15 DW 3798 16 CP 3842–3844, DW 3845 17 DW 3846, CP 3848–3849 18 CP 3851–3852, DW 3896, CP 3898, DW 3900 19 DW 3862–3863 20 CP 3871, DW 3872 21 DW 3880, CP 38882–3885, DW 3887, DW 3889, DW 3895 22 DW 3902–3903, DW 3913, DW 3916–3918 23 DW 3905–3907, CP 3911 24 DW 3922–3925, CP 3927, DW 3928, DW 3930, DW 3932–3933, DW 3949–3940.

Location map of the brachiopod-bearing stations of the Terrasses and Exbodi expeditions. 1 DW 3032 2 DW 3039–3042; 3 CP 3047 4 CP 3051 5 DW 3056 6 DW 3059–3060 7 DW 3062–3063, CP 3065–3068, DW 3069, CP 3070 8 DW 3072, DW 3075–3077 9 DW 3078–3079, DW 3082–3083 10 DW 3086, DW 3089–3090, CP 3091 11 DW 3093–3094, CP 3834 12 DW 3100, DW 3102, CP 3104, DW 3106–3110 13 DW 3120–3124, DW 3129 14 DW 3784–3785, CP 3786, DW 3787, CP 3788–3789, CP 3791–3793 15 DW 3798 16 CP 3842–3844, DW 3845 17 DW 3846, CP 3848–3849 18 CP 3851–3852, DW 3896, CP 3898, DW 3900 19 DW 3862–3863 20 CP 3871, DW 3872 21 DW 3880, CP 38882–3885, DW 3887, DW 3889, DW 3895 22 DW 3902–3903, DW 3913, DW 3916–3918 23 DW 3905–3907, CP 3911 24 DW 3922–3925, CP 3927, DW 3928, DW 3930, DW 3932–3933, DW 3949–3940.

Results

The brachiopod fauna recognized in the Terrasses and Exbodi cruises consists of 20 species belonging to 16 genera in 11 families (, , , , , , , , , , ), four orders (, , , ), and two subphyla (, ).

Family Menke, 1828

Fig. 2A–B
Figure 2.

A–B Laurin, 1992, dorsal and lateral views of complete specimen (IB-2013–600), SEM, cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3925, 388 m C–D (Gould, 1862), dorsal and anterior views of complete specimen (IB-2013–542), cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3900, 366–357 m E–F (Woodward, 1855), dorsal and anterior views of complete specimen (IB-2013–188), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3062, 300–320 m G–H (Dall, 1895), dorsal and anterior views of complete specimen (IB-2013–215), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3083, 470–570 m.

This species, represented only by young individuals, was found only in two Exbodi stations at depths of 388–520 m. differs from other craniids by its massive ventral valve and internally by two erect divergent processes on the dorsal valve (Laurin 1997; Bitner 2009). Originally described from the Norfolk Ridge (Laurin 1992), it seems to be restricted to the Western Pacific (Cohen et al. 2014). A–B Laurin, 1992, dorsal and lateral views of complete specimen (IB-2013–600), SEM, cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3925, 388 m C–D (Gould, 1862), dorsal and anterior views of complete specimen (IB-2013–542), cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3900, 366–357 m E–F (Woodward, 1855), dorsal and anterior views of complete specimen (IB-2013–188), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3062, 300–320 m G–H (Dall, 1895), dorsal and anterior views of complete specimen (IB-2013–215), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3083, 470–570 m. The second craniid brachiopod is very rare and too poorly preserved to permit identification to species level. It was found in two stations (600–802 m). Morpho-species identification of is uncertain and previous specimens from the region of New Caledonia have been described as Lee & Brunton, 1986 (see Bitner 2010). In the opinion of Robinson and Lee (2011) this is a synonym of (Adams, 1863).

Family Cooper, 1959

Fig. 2G–H This is one of three rhynchonellide species recognized in the studied material. is relatively common, found in 10 samples, with a depth range of 400–990 m PageBreakand was already reported from the New Caledonian region (Laurin 1997; Zezina 2005; Bitner 2009). It also occurs in the Hawaii and Fiji regions (Dall 1895; Bitner 2006b, 2008). Fig. 2C–D This species, already noted from New Caledonia (Laurin 1997; Bitner 2009), is rare, being found in 5 stations. Its depth range in the studied area is 300–510 m. Originally described from off Japan (Hatai 1940), also occurs in the Fiji region (Bitner 2008). Fig. 2E–F This is one of the most common species (nearly 500 specimens). It was found in 13 Terrasses stations and 12 Exbodi stations (see Appendix), with a depth range of PageBreak150–584 m. is restricted to the SW Pacific (Laurin 1997; Logan 2007; Bitner 2009).

Family Gray, 1840

Fig. 3E–J
Figure 3.

A–B (Cooper, 1973), dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–236), and enlargement of the posterior part to show details of the beak, SEM, cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3109, 150–180 m C–D (Cooper, 1973), dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–602), and enlargement of the umbonal part to show details of the beak, SEM, cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3925, 388 m E–J Bitner & Cohen, 2015, cruise Exbodi, E–G dorsal and anterior views of complete specimens (IB-2013–262), stn CP 3844, 815–970 m H–I interior and tilted (I) views of dorsal valve (IB-2013–262), SEM, stn CP 3844 J interior of dorsal valve (IB-2013–254), SEM, stn CP 3791, 750–863 m K–L Laurin, 1997, dorsal and lateral views of complete specimen (IB-2013–227), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3102, 410–430 m M–N Laurin, 1997, dorsal and lateral views of complete specimen (IB-2013–231), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3107, 380–440 m O–P (Cooper, 1983), dorsal and lateral views of complete specimen (IB-2013–175), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3041, 800–840 m.

This species, recently described from the Coral Sea by Bitner and Cohen (2015), is common only in the material collected during the Exbodi cruise. Its depth range is very great, from 70 to 1180 m. Externally, is very similar to (Davidson, 1878), but it differs internally in the character of the loop; in the loop has a narrow, anteriorly convex transverse band (see Cooper 1983; Bitner 2006b, 2008), while in the transverse band is broad and medially folded. Molecular analysis confirms this separation (Bitner and Cohen 2015). A–B (Cooper, 1973), dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–236), and enlargement of the posterior part to show details of the beak, SEM, cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3109, 150–180 m C–D (Cooper, 1973), dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–602), and enlargement of the umbonal part to show details of the beak, SEM, cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3925, 388 m E–J Bitner & Cohen, 2015, cruise Exbodi, E–G dorsal and anterior views of complete specimens (IB-2013–262), stn CP 3844, 815–970 m H–I interior and tilted (I) views of dorsal valve (IB-2013–262), SEM, stn CP 3844 J interior of dorsal valve (IB-2013–254), SEM, stn CP 3791, 750–863 m K–L Laurin, 1997, dorsal and lateral views of complete specimen (IB-2013–227), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3102, 410–430 m M–N Laurin, 1997, dorsal and lateral views of complete specimen (IB-2013–231), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3107, 380–440 m O–P (Cooper, 1983), dorsal and lateral views of complete specimen (IB-2013–175), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3041, 800–840 m. Fig. 3O–P This short-looped terebratulide is a relatively common species in the investigated material, being already recorded from New Caledonia (Laurin 1997; Bitner 2009). About 50 specimens were found in 17 stations, with a depth range of 340–951 m. was originally described from the south-western Indian Ocean (Cooper 1983). Fig. 3K–L The second species in the studied material is much rarer, being found in only five samples (386–570 m). is smaller than and characterized by a strongly convex shell. So far known only from the New Caledonia area (Laurin 1997), this species can be considered as endemic to this region. Fig. 3M–N This species is very characteristic with its thick shell, strongly incurved beak and very small foramen. It is relatively rare, being found in six samples (150–510 m). It is known only from the New Caledonian region (Laurin 1997; Bitner 2009) and can be regarded as endemic to this area.

Family Fischer & Oehlert, 1890

Fig. 3A–B A single specimen of this species was found in one Terrasses station at 150–180 m but it was earlier recorded from New Caledonia (Laurin 1997; Bitner 2010). was originally described from South Africa (Cooper 1973). Fig. 3C–D This second species of is also very rare, found in one Exbodi station at a depth of 388 m. Laurin (1997) already noted this species from New Caledonia. It was originally described from South Africa (Cooper 1973). can be distinguished from by a more convex shell, incurved beak with a partly concealed symphytium, and internally by the presence of a distinct cardinal process (Cooper 1973, 1983; Laurin 1997).

Family Thomson, 1926

Fig. 4D
Figure 4.

A–C (Davidson, 1878), cruise Exbodi, SEM A–B dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–601), and enlargement (B) of posterior part to show details of the beak, stn DW 3925, 388m C dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–588), stn CP 3911, 680–802 m D Yabe & Hatai, 1934, dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–214), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3082, 290 m E (Adams, 1860), dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–259), cruise Exbodi, stn CP 3834, 27–258 m F–G (Gmelin, 1791) F interior of dorsal valve (IB-2013–525), SEM, cruise Exbodi, stn 3872, 159–756 m G dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–192), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3063, 430–480 m H–I Bitner, 2009, cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3040, 750–780 m (IB-2013–173) H dorsal view of complete specimen I exterior of ventral valve, visible randomly distributed, small pustules J–K Laurin, 1997, dorsal and anterior views of complete specimen (IB-2013–210), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3077, 420–540 m.

This is a relatively common species, found in 12 stations (180–790 m). Its presence in the studied area was already noted (Laurin 1997; Bitner 2009), and it is common off Japan (Hatai 1940). This wide distribution suggests that a careful molecular analysis of a wide range of Pacific Ocean samples might lead to the recognition of multiple forms that have not been distinguished morphologically (e.g. Lüter and Cohen 2002). A–C (Davidson, 1878), cruise Exbodi, SEM A–B dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–601), and enlargement (B) of posterior part to show details of the beak, stn DW 3925, 388m C dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–588), stn CP 3911, 680–802 m D Yabe & Hatai, 1934, dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–214), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3082, 290 m E (Adams, 1860), dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–259), cruise Exbodi, stn CP 3834, 27–258 m F–G (Gmelin, 1791) F interior of dorsal valve (IB-2013–525), SEM, cruise Exbodi, stn 3872, 159–756 m G dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–192), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3063, 430–480 m H–I Bitner, 2009, cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3040, 750–780 m (IB-2013–173) H dorsal view of complete specimen I exterior of ventral valve, visible randomly distributed, small pustules J–K Laurin, 1997, dorsal and anterior views of complete specimen (IB-2013–210), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3077, 420–540 m.

Family Muir-Wood, 1959

Fig. 4A–C This species is very rare and was found in only two Exbodi stations (388–802 m). Although known from the nearby New Zealand region (MacFarlan et al. 2009), this is the first report of from the vicinity of New Caledonia. Originally described from off the Kermadec Islands (Davidson 1880) it has a wide distribution in the south-western Pacific (Bitner 2006a) and is known from the western Indian Ocean (Zezina 1987). So far the only representative of the family reported from New Caledonia has been Cooper, 1973 (see Laurin 1997; Bitner 2009, 2010), which is characterized by strong ornamentation of single, coarse ribs, while in ribs are numerous, finer, and bifurcating. DNA sequences of these species have not yet been compared (B.L. Cohen, pers. communication).

Family Dagys, 1972

Fig. 4J–K This long-looped brachiopod is one of the most common (more than 250 specimens) and was identified in 20 stations (260–840 m). was originally described from New Caledonia by Laurin (1997; see also Bitner 2009) and was also recognized in material from Fiji (Bitner 2006b, 2008). Fig. 4H–I This rare species was found in one station of each cruise (680–802 m). Originally described from the Norfolk Ridge (Bitner 2009) it was also identified around Fiji and French Polynesia (Bitner 2008, 2014).

Family Hatai, 1938

Fig. 4F–G This easily recognizable species was found in 20 stations but was abundant only in the Exbodi material where it appears to have a very wide bathymetric range (110 to 1100 m). However this range probably is the result of the wide depth-range of the DW3932 dredge haul (500 to 1100 m), the specimens of this generally shallow-water form probably having been collected only in the shallower water. is one of the most widely distributed species of living brachiopods, known from Japan, Australia, New Caledonia, Fiji, French Polynesia and Hawaii (Hatai 1940; Emig 1987; Saito 1996; Laurin 1997; Bitner 2006a, 2006b, 2007a, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2014). Recently this species has also been identified in the western Indian Ocean (Bitner and Logan in press).

Family Beecher, 1893

Fig. 4E In the studied material this species was found in 16 stations in the material of both cruises at depths of 180–790 m. Originally described from off Japan (Hatai 1940), occurs in the Western Pacific (Logan 2007; Bitner 2009, 2010).

Family Thomson, 1927

Fig. 5F–J
Figure 5.

A–E (Hedley, 1899), cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3905, 300 m, (IB-2013–549) A–B dorsal view of complete specimen and enlargement of the posterior part to show flat pseudodeltidium (planodeltidium) C–E inner, posterior (D) and oblique (E) views of dorsal valve to show bridge, median lobe of cardinal process and median septum F–J Bitner, 2009 F–G dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–616), and enlargement of the umbonal part, cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3040, 750–780 m H–I ventral view of complete specimen (IB-2013–592), and enlargement of shell surface to show nodes, cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3913, 622 m J dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–590), cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3911, 680–802 m K–L Bitner, 2014, ventral and dorsal views of complete specimen (IB-2013–522), cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3862, 400–520 m. All SEM.

This species was originally described from the Norfolk Ridge where it was very common (see Bitner 2009). Here, is rare, found in one Terrasses station and two Exbodi stations (622–802 m). It is characterized by numerous, transversely elongate pustules that cover the ventral valve (Fig. 5H–J). can be treated as endemic to the New Caledonian region as it has not yet been recognized in other areas. A–E (Hedley, 1899), cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3905, 300 m, (IB-2013–549) A–B dorsal view of complete specimen and enlargement of the posterior part to show flat pseudodeltidium (planodeltidium) C–E inner, posterior (D) and oblique (E) views of dorsal valve to show bridge, median lobe of cardinal process and median septum F–J Bitner, 2009 F–G dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–616), and enlargement of the umbonal part, cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3040, 750–780 m H–I ventral view of complete specimen (IB-2013–592), and enlargement of shell surface to show nodes, cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3913, 622 m J dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–590), cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3911, 680–802 m K–L Bitner, 2014, ventral and dorsal views of complete specimen (IB-2013–522), cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3862, 400–520 m. All SEM. Fig. 5K–L This species is very rare, found in only one Exbodi station at depths of 400–520 m. It was already reported from New Caledonia by Laurin (1997), but was wrongly assigned by him to (Fischer & Œhlert, 1890) (see discussion in Bitner 2014: 256). It has a very wide distribution, being known from New Zealand, Wallis and Futuna Islands, and French Polynesia (Bitner 2007b, 2008, 2014).

Family Elliott, 1953

Fig. 5A–E This is the only thecideide brachiopod in the investigated material. This species was found in 10 Exbodi stations with a very wide depth range (159 to 1100 m) but as noted before (see above) this may be an artefact. Already noted from New Caledonian waters (Laurin 1997; Bitner 2007a, 2009, 2010), is widely distributed in the SW Pacifc, from New Zealand to French Polynesia (Lee and Robinson 2003; Bitner 2007b, 2008, 2014; Logan 2007; MacFarlan et al. 2009).

Summary

The brachiopods collected south of New Caledonia during the Terrasses cruise are represented by 15 species belonging to 13 genera. In the material from the Loyalty Ridge collected during the Exbodi cruise 19 species belonging to 16 genera have been identified. Fourteen species, i.e. sp., , , , , , , , , , , PageBreak, and are common to both collections. One species, , found in the Terrasses collection was not recognized in the Exbodi material, whereas , , , , and were found in the Exbodi cruise but not in the Terrasses cruise. was reported for the first time from the New Caledonian region. Most species recognized here have a wide geographical distribution, being known either in the Western Pacific or in the Indo-West Pacific Province. Only four species, , , , and can be treated as endemic to the New Caledonian region. With the new record of from New Caledonia, the total number of species recognized in this region is now 45 (d’Hondt 1987; Laurin 1997; Bitner 2007a, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2014; Bitner et al. 2008; Bitner and Cohen 2015), of which 8 are in common with New Zealand (compare Bitner 2010, 2014, and this study). The New Caledonian brachiopod fauna shows the greatest affinity with that from Fiji, sharing 11 of 22 species (Bitner 2006b, 2008).

List of brachiopod-bearing stations and species per station.

StationLocationDepthSpecies
Terrasses
Loyalty Ridge
DW 303222°41’S, 168°58’E760–820 mBasiliola beecheri
DW 303923°57’S, 169°44’E600–680 mNovocrania sp.
DW 304023°58’S, 169°43’E750–780 mSepticollarina zezinae Annuloplatidia richeri
DW 304123°59’S, 169°44’E800–840 mBasiliola beecheri Stenosarina crosnieri Fallax neocaledonensis
DW 304223°56’S, 169°43’E920–990 mBasiliola beecheri
CP 304723°35’S, 169°37'E266–267 mBasiliolella grayi Stenosarina crosnieri Fallax neocaledonensis
Norfolk Ridge
CP 305123°48'S, 168°17'E410–530 mStenosarina crosnieri Fallax neocaledonensis Campages mariae
DW 305623°42'S, 168°01'E250–330 mBasiliolella grayi
DW 305923°40'S, 167°44'E440–450 mCampages mariae
DW 306023°39'S, 167°44'E440–450 mCampages mariae
DW 306223°22'S, 168°02'E300–320 mBasiliolella grayi Frenulina sanguinolenta
DW 306323°23'S, 168°00.4'E430–480 mTerebratulina pacifica Fallax neocaledonensis Frenulina sanguinolenta
CP 306523°21'S, 168°00'E480–550 mFallax neocaledonensis
CP 306623°18'S, 167°59'E650–790 mStenosarina crosnieri Fallax neocaledonensis
CP 306723°17'S, 167°58'E800 mStenosarina crosnieri
CP 306823°16'S, 167°57'E790 mBasiliola beecheri Stenosarina crosnieri Terebratulina pacifica Fallax neocaledonensis Campages mariae
DW 306923°18'S, 168°05'E300–320 mBasiliola lucida Stenosarina crosnieri Campages mariae
CP 307023°18'S, 168°05'E300–320 mStenosarina crosnieri
DW 307223°19'S, 168°16'E180–220 mTerebratulina pacifica
DW 307523°17'S, 168°14'E270 mBasiliolella grayi
DW 307623°14'S, 168°13'E390–570 mStenosarina globosa
DW 307723°15'S, 168°14'E420–540 mStenosarina crosnieri Fallax neocaledonensis
SW Terrasses
DW 307822°29'S, 167°30'E180–210 mBasiliolella grayi Campages mariae
DW 307922°28'S, 167°29'E300–420 mBasiliolella grayi
DW 308222°29'S, 167°23'E290 mTerebratulina pacifica
DW 308322°27'S, 167°25'E470–570 mBasiliola beecheri Terebratulina pacifica Fallax neocaledonensis
DW 308622°15'S, 167°13'E400 mEbiscothyris bellonensis
DW 308922°17'S, 167°12'E390–410 mStenosarina globosa
DW 309022°16'S, 167°08'E260 mBasiliolella grayi Campages mariae
CP 309122°17'S, 167°09'E260–270 mFallax neocaledonensis
DW 309322°06'S, 167°03'E190–200 mBasiliolella grayi
DW 309422°04'S, 167°03'E250–300 mBasiliolella grayi
Norfolk Ridge
DW 310022°59'S, 168°23'E260–320 mBasiliolella grayi Terebratulina pacifica
DW 310222°59'S, 168°23'E410–430 mStenosarina globosa
CP 310422°58'S, 168°21'E410–470 mKanakythyris pachyrhynchos
DW 310623°02'S, 168°21'E180–220 mBasiliolella grayi Campages mariae
DW 310723°01'S, 168°23'E380–440 mKanakythyris pachyrhynchos Fallax neocaledonensis
DW 310823°01'S, 168°239'E370–440 mKanakythyris pachyrhynchos
DW 310923°01'S, 168°18'E150–180 mBasiliolella grayi Kanakythyris pachyrhynchos Xenobrochus africanus
DW 311023°02'S, 168°16'E270–310 mBasiliolella grayi
Pine Island
DW 312022°44'S, 167°15'E320–360 mFallax neocaledonensis
DW 312122°45'S, 167°13'E380–400 mFallax neocaledonensis
DW 312222°47'S, 167°12'E390–410 mFallax neocaledonensis
DW 312322°53'S, 167°13'E420–450 mFallax neocaledonensis
DW 312422°54'S, 167°15'E460 mFallax neocaledonensis
DW 312922°42'S, 167°15'E110–130 mFrenulina sanguinolenta
Exbodi
New Caledonia
DW 378422°13'S, 22°13'S353–365 mStenosarina crosnieri Fallax neocaledonensis
DW 378522°15'S, 167°10'E386–387 mStenosarina globosa
CP 378622°15'S, 167°13'E406–442 mStenosarina globosa
DW 378722°13'S, 167°06'E223–249 mBasiliolella grayi Campages mariae
CP 378822°13'S, 167°07'E264–273 mBasiliolella grayi Campages mariae
CP 378922°11'S, 167°07'E335–350 mBasiliolella grayi Campages mariae
CP 379122°15'S, 167°19'E750–863 mEbiscothyris bellonensis
CP 379222°18'S, 167°22'E850–876 mEbiscothyris bellonensis
CP 379322°16'S, 167°23'E951–1180 mEbiscothyris bellonensis
DW 379821°32'S, 166°21'E478–480 mBasiliola beecheri
CP 383422°06'S, 167°04'E257–258 mBasiliolella grayi Campages mariae
CP 384222°23'S, 167°22'E756–769 mEbiscothyris bellonensis
CP 384322°22'S, 22°22'S776–800 mEbiscothyris bellonensis
CP 384422°20'S, 167°22'E815–970 mEbiscothyris bellonensis
DW 384522°30'S, 167°09'E70–72 mEbiscothyris bellonensis
DW 384622°04'S, 168°38'E396 mBasiliolella grayi
CP 384822°03'S, 168°42'E430–440 mKanakythyris pachyrhynchos
CP 384922°03'S, 168°41'E360–560 mFallax neocaledonensis
CP 385122°19'S, 168°45'E471–510 mBasiliola lucida Stenosarina crosnieri Kanakythyris pachyrhynchos Terebratulina pacifica Fallax neocaledonensis Campages mariae
CP 385222°17'S, 168°43'E582 mStenosarina crosnieri Fallax neocaledonensis Campages mariae
DW 386222°20'S, 169°01'E400–520 mNeoancistrocrania norfolki Basiliola beecheri Annuloplatidia curiosa
DW 386322°21'S, 168°59'E540–660 mFrenulina sanguinolenta
CP 387122°53'S, 169°25'E580–780 mBasiliola beecheri
DW 387222°54'S, 169°27'E159–756 mFrenulina sanguinolenta Thecidellina maxilla
DW 388022°22'S, 171°39'E350 mBasiliolella grayi Terebratulina pacifica
CP 388222°21'S, 171°40'E288 - 361 mBasiliolella grayi
CP 388322°21'S, 171°39'E433–516 mBasiliolella grayi
CP 388422°22'S, 171°38'E521–567 mBasiliolella grayi Terebratulina pacifica
CP 388522°23'S, 171°39'E558–584 mBasiliolella grayi Terebratulina pacifica
DW 388722°22'S, 171°42'E257–298 mBasiliolella grayi
DW 388922°25'S, 171°41'E354 mBasiliolella grayi
DW 389522°25'S, 171°40'E380 mStenosarina crosnieri
DW 389622°19'S, 168°41'E340–343 mBasiliola lucida Terebratulina pacifica
CP 389822°18'S, 168°42'E340–346 mBasiliola lucida Stenosarina crosnieri
DW 390022°17'S, 168°41'E355–357 mBasiliola lucida Stenosarina crosnieri Campages mariae
DW 390219°53'S, 165°49'E410 mFrenulina sanguinolenta
DW 390319°52'S, 165°50'E580 mFrenulina sanguinolenta Thecidellina maxilla
DW 390519°50'S, 165°34'E300 mFrenulina sanguinolenta Thecidellina maxilla
DW 390619°50'S, 165°33'E490–580 mTerebratulina pacifica Frenulina sanguinolenta Thecidellina maxilla
DW 390719°50'S, 165°33'E608–671 mThecidellina maxilla
CP 391119°50'S, 165°33'E680–802 mNovocrania sp. Basiliola beecheri Eucalathis murrayi Septicollarina zezinae Annuloplatidia richeri
DW 391319°45'S, 165°45'E622 mBasiliola beecheri Annuloplatidia richeri
DW 391619°52'S, 165°55'E749–922 mEbiscothyris bellonensis
DW 391719°52'S, 165°55'E753–951 mStenosarina crosnieri
DW 391819°52'S, 165°55'E748–922 mStenosarina crosnieri
DW 392218°33'S, 164°21'E525–560 mFrenulina sanguinolenta
DW 392318°33'S, 164°20'E580–703 mFrenulina sanguinolenta Thecidellina maxilla
DW 392418°35'S, 164°23'E730 mFrenulina sanguinolenta
DW 392518°35'S, 164°19'E388 mNeoancistrocrania norfolki Eucalathis murrayi Xenobrochus indianensis Frenulina sanguinolenta Thecidellina maxilla
CP 392718°36'S, 164°20'E381 mFrenulina sanguinolenta Campages mariae
DW 392818°38'S, 164°20'E362–402 mFrenulina sanguinolenta Thecidellina maxilla
DW 393018°37'S, 164°26'E448–464 mFrenulina sanguinolenta
DW 393218°32'S, 164°21'E500–1100 mFrenulina sanguinolenta Thecidellina maxilla
DW 393318°32'S, 164°22'E474 mFrenulina sanguinolenta Thecidellina maxilla
DW 393918°36'S, 164°24'E489–860 mFrenulina sanguinolenta
DW 394018°36'S, 164°24'E380–430 mFrenulina sanguinolenta
  1 in total

1.  Global biogeography of living brachiopods: Bioregionalization patterns and possible controls.

Authors:  Facheng Ye; G R Shi; Maria Aleksandra Bitner
Journal:  PLoS One       Date:  2021-11-08       Impact factor: 3.240

  1 in total

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