Philip N Britton1, Russell C Dale2, Michael D Nissen3, Nigel Crawford4, Elizabeth Elliott5, Kristine Macartney6, Gulam Khandaker7, Robert Booy8, Cheryl A Jones9. 1. Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; philip.britton@health.nsw.gov.au. 2. Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; 3. Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; 4. SAEFVIC, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; 5. Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, Sydney, Australia; and. 6. Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; National Centre for Immunization Research and Surveillance, Sydney, Australia. 7. Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia; National Centre for Immunization Research and Surveillance, Sydney, Australia. 8. Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; National Centre for Immunization Research and Surveillance, Sydney, Australia. 9. Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia;
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the clinical features and outcome of human parechovirus (HPeV) encephalitis cases identified by the Australian Childhood Encephalitis (ACE) study. METHODS: Infants with suspected encephalitis were prospectively identified in 5 hospitals through the (ACE) study. Cases of confirmed HPeV infection had comprehensive demographic, clinical, laboratory, imaging, and outcome at discharge data reviewed by an expert panel and were categorized by using predetermined case definitions. Twelve months after discharge, neurodevelopment was assessed by using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). RESULTS: We identified thirteen cases of suspected encephalitis with HPeV infection between May 2013 and December 2014. Nine infants had confirmed encephalitis; median age was 13 days, including a twin pair. All had HPeV detected in cerebrospinal fluid with absent pleocytosis. Most were girls (7), admitted to ICU (8), and had seizures (8). Many were born preterm (5). Seven patients had white matter diffusion restriction on MRI; 3 with normal cranial ultrasounds. At discharge, 3 of 9 were assessed to have sequelae; however, at 12 months' follow-up, by using the ASQ, 5 of 8 infants showed neurodevelopmental sequelae: 3 severe (2 cerebral palsy, 1 central visual impairment). A further 2 showed concern in gross motor development. CONCLUSIONS: Children with HPeV encephalitis were predominantly young, female infants with seizures and diffusion restriction on MRI. Cranial ultrasound is inadequately sensitive. HPeV encephalitis is associated with neurodevelopmental sequelae despite reassuring short-term outcomes. Given the absent cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis and need for specific testing, HPeV could be missed as a cause of neonatal encephalopathy and subsequent cerebral palsy.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the clinical features and outcome of human parechovirus (HPeV) encephalitis cases identified by the Australian Childhood Encephalitis (ACE) study. METHODS:Infants with suspected encephalitis were prospectively identified in 5 hospitals through the (ACE) study. Cases of confirmed HPeV infection had comprehensive demographic, clinical, laboratory, imaging, and outcome at discharge data reviewed by an expert panel and were categorized by using predetermined case definitions. Twelve months after discharge, neurodevelopment was assessed by using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). RESULTS: We identified thirteen cases of suspected encephalitis with HPeV infection between May 2013 and December 2014. Nine infants had confirmed encephalitis; median age was 13 days, including a twin pair. All had HPeV detected in cerebrospinal fluid with absent pleocytosis. Most were girls (7), admitted to ICU (8), and had seizures (8). Many were born preterm (5). Seven patients had white matter diffusion restriction on MRI; 3 with normal cranial ultrasounds. At discharge, 3 of 9 were assessed to have sequelae; however, at 12 months' follow-up, by using the ASQ, 5 of 8 infants showed neurodevelopmental sequelae: 3 severe (2 cerebral palsy, 1 central visual impairment). A further 2 showed concern in gross motor development. CONCLUSIONS:Children with HPeV encephalitis were predominantly young, female infants with seizures and diffusion restriction on MRI. Cranial ultrasound is inadequately sensitive. HPeV encephalitis is associated with neurodevelopmental sequelae despite reassuring short-term outcomes. Given the absent cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis and need for specific testing, HPeV could be missed as a cause of neonatal encephalopathy and subsequent cerebral palsy.
Authors: Kevin Messacar; Marc Fischer; Samuel R Dominguez; Kenneth L Tyler; Mark J Abzug Journal: Infect Dis Clin North Am Date: 2017-12-08 Impact factor: 5.982
Authors: Claire M Midgley; Mary Anne Jackson; Rangaraj Selvarangan; Patrick Franklin; Elizabeth L Holzschuh; Jennifer Lloyd; Joseph Scaletta; Anne Straily; Sheri Tubach; Ashley Willingham; W Allan Nix; M Steven Oberste; Christopher J Harrison; Charles Hunt; George Turabelidze; Susan I Gerber; John T Watson Journal: J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc Date: 2018-05-15 Impact factor: 3.164
Authors: Ted M T van Hinsbergh; Stephanie C M de Crom; Robert Lindeboom; Marceline A M van Furth; Charlie C Obihara Journal: Eur J Pediatr Date: 2019-01-14 Impact factor: 3.860
Authors: Kavitha Kothur; Louise Wienholt; Shekeeb S Mohammad; Esther M Tantsis; Sekhar Pillai; Philip N Britton; Cheryl A Jones; Rajeshwar R Angiti; Elizabeth H Barnes; Timothy Schlub; Sushil Bandodkar; Fabienne Brilot; Russell C Dale Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-08-30 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Eveline P de Jong; Herma C Holscher; Sylke J Steggerda; Jeanine M M Van Klink; Erika P M van Elzakker; Enrico Lopriore; Frans J Walther; Frank Brus Journal: Eur J Pediatr Date: 2017-09-10 Impact factor: 3.183