Simona Adesso1, Giacomo Pepe1,2, Eduardo Sommella1,2, Michele Manfra3, Antonio Scopa4, Adriano Sofo4, Gian Carlo Tenore5, Mariateresa Russo2, Francesca Di Gaudio6, Giuseppina Autore1, Pietro Campiglia1, Stefania Marzocco1. 1. Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy. 2. Department of Agriculture, University of Reggio Calabria, Via Melissari 1, I-89122, Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy. 3. Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy. 4. School of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy. 5. Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicology Chemistry, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131, Napoli, Italy. 6. Department DiBiMeF, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, I-90127, Palermo, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Besides their nutritional value, vegetables are a source of health-promoting compounds, such as polyphenols, and their content can be influenced by the particular farming method. In this study polyphenolic extracts from Lactuca sativa (var. Maravilla de verano) plants cultivated with different farming methods were chemically characterised and tested in vitro and ex vivo inflammation models. RESULTS: The tested extacts (250-2.5 µg mL(-1) ) were able to reduce both the inflammatory and oxidative stress in LPS-stimulated J774A.1 murine monocyte macrophage cells, by lowering the release of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoting nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In this regard, quantitative profiles revealed different amounts of polyphenols, in particular quercetin levels were higher in plants under mineral fertilised treatment. Those extract showed an enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION: Our data showed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of Maravilla de Verano polyphenolic extracts. The effect of farming methods on polyphenolic levels was highlighted. The higher reduction of inflammatory mediators release in extracts from plants cultivated under mineral fertilisation treatment was correlated to the higher amount of quercetin. These results can be useful for both nutraceutical or agronomic purposes.
BACKGROUND: Besides their nutritional value, vegetables are a source of health-promoting compounds, such as polyphenols, and their content can be influenced by the particular farming method. In this study polyphenolic extracts from Lactuca sativa (var. Maravilla de verano) plants cultivated with different farming methods were chemically characterised and tested in vitro and ex vivo inflammation models. RESULTS: The tested extacts (250-2.5 µg mL(-1) ) were able to reduce both the inflammatory and oxidative stress in LPS-stimulated J774A.1 murine monocyte macrophage cells, by lowering the release of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoting nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In this regard, quantitative profiles revealed different amounts of polyphenols, in particular quercetin levels were higher in plants under mineral fertilised treatment. Those extract showed an enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION: Our data showed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of Maravilla de Verano polyphenolic extracts. The effect of farming methods on polyphenolic levels was highlighted. The higher reduction of inflammatory mediators release in extracts from plants cultivated under mineral fertilisation treatment was correlated to the higher amount of quercetin. These results can be useful for both nutraceutical or agronomic purposes.