Maya Amitai1,2,3, Michal Taler2,4, Miri Carmel2,4, Elena Michaelovsky2,4, Tamar Eilat1, Maya Yablonski5, Naama Orpaz6, Alon Chen3,7, Alan Apter1,2, Abraham Weizman2,4,8, Silvana Fennig1,2. 1. 1 Department of Psychological Medicine, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel , Petach Tikva, Israel . 2. 2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel . 3. 3 The Ruhman Family Laboratory for Research on the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, Israel . 4. 4 Felsenstein Medical Research Center , Petach Tikva, Israel . 5. 5 The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan, Israel . 6. 6 Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel , Petach Tikva, Israel . 7. 7 Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry , Munich, Germany . 8. 8 Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center , Petach Tikva, Israel .
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In adults there is growing evidence that antidepressant (AD) treatment results in a decline in inflammatory cytokines. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of the relationship between response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment for anxiety and/or depression and cytokine levels in children and adolescents. METHODS: Forty-one patients who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV) criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) or anxiety disorders participated in study. Their ages ranged from 9 to 18 (14.12 ± 2.30) years. The patients were treated with fluoxetine for 8 weeks. Plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) before and after fluoxetine treatment. Clinical response was measured with several scales, including the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) Results: The overall response rate was 56%. Antidepressant treatment significantly reduced TNF-α levels (p = 0.037), with no significant changes in the levels of IL-6 and IL-1β. All three proinflammatory cytokines were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in SSRI-refractory than in SSRI-responsive patients. CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β might predict nonresponse to fluoxetine treatment in children.
OBJECTIVE: In adults there is growing evidence that antidepressant (AD) treatment results in a decline in inflammatory cytokines. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of the relationship between response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment for anxiety and/or depression and cytokine levels in children and adolescents. METHODS: Forty-one patients who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV) criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) or anxiety disorders participated in study. Their ages ranged from 9 to 18 (14.12 ± 2.30) years. The patients were treated with fluoxetine for 8 weeks. Plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) before and after fluoxetine treatment. Clinical response was measured with several scales, including the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Screen for ChildAnxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) Results: The overall response rate was 56%. Antidepressant treatment significantly reduced TNF-α levels (p = 0.037), with no significant changes in the levels of IL-6 and IL-1β. All three proinflammatory cytokines were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in SSRI-refractory than in SSRI-responsive patients. CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β might predict nonresponse to fluoxetine treatment in children.
Entities:
Keywords:
SSRI; anxiety; children and adolescent; cytokines; depression
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