Does sunlight cause premature aging of the crystalline lens?

Premature onset of presbyopia may be an early sign of cataractous lenticular changes. For many years ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been suspected as a major factor in the degradation of the crystalline lens. Controlled laboratory studies have demonstrated that UVR does cause opacities that closely resemble those naturally occurring in the aging process. Is it true that environmental UVR is also the prime contributor in the deleterious lenticular changes that may begin with premature presbyopia, as has been postulated? This review examines the evidence supporting this and other suggested causes of early presbyopia, including genetics, nutrition, toxins, and environmental temperature. Of all factors reported to affect the onset of presbyopia, UVR has the most scientific support, but further research is necessary to conclusively establish this link.