Hot topics on diabetes in China.

China is the country with the largest burden of diabetes worldwide. Action is now taking place at different levels by the Chinese Diabetes Society, which has a major role in coordinating multi-level activities across the country. These include, among others, the implementation of local guidelines for therapy, campaigns for education, trials for type 2 diabetes prevention and the establishment of extensive international collaborations in basic as well as clinical research. In this Special Issue, we briefly report on such initiatives, among which is a scientifically sound approach to exploring Chinese traditional medicine as a therapeutic option for diabetes treatment.