| Literature DB >> 26761560 |
Eduardo Casaroto1, Tatiana Mohovic1, Lilian Moreira Pinto1, Tais Rodrigues de Lara1.
Abstract
The echocardiography has become a vital tool in the diagnosis of critically ill patients. The use of echocardiography by intensivists has been increasing since the 1990's. This tool has become a common procedure for the cardiovascular assessment of critically ill patients, especially because it is non-invasive and can be applied in fast and guided manner at the bedside. Physicians with basic training in echocardiography, both from intensive care unit or emergency department, can assess the left ventricle function properly with good accuracy compared with assessment made by cardiologists. The change of treatment approach based on echocardiographic findings is commonly seen after examination of unstable patient. This brief review focuses on growing importance of echocardiography as an useful tool for management of critically ill patients in the intensive care setting along with the cardiac output assessment using this resource.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2015 PMID: 26761560 PMCID: PMC4878647 DOI: 10.1590/S1679-45082015MD3271
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Einstein (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 1679-4508
Major indications to hemodynamic echocardiography in the intensive care unit(2,3,6-8)
| Hypotension/hemodynamic instability of unknown etiology |
| Fluid responsiveness assessment |
| Evaluation of severe dysfunction of right ventricle |
| Identification of pericardial effusion/cardiac tamponade |
| Respiratory failure or hypoxemia of unknown etiology |
| Pulmonary embolism |
| Complications after cardiothoracic surgery |
Advantages and disadvantages of echocardiography in intensive therapy settings(4)
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|
| Information previously obtained to invasive monitoring | Intermittent measures |
| There is no need of other professional, expect the physician who do the exam | No acquisition of all echocardiographic windows |
| Real-time data | Low offering of training programs |
| Safety and portable |
Limitations and challenges of transthoracic echocardiogram(4)
| Multiple windows frequently needed |
| Repositioning of the patient is usually necessary |
| Particular characteristics of each patient can interfere in image acquisitions |
| Interference with monitoring devices |
Principais indicações para o emprego da ecocardiografia hemodinâmica na terapia intensiva(2,3,6-8)
| Hipotensão/instabilidade hemodinâmica de etiologia indefinida |
| Avaliação de responsividade a fluidos e volemia |
| Avaliação de disfunção grave de ventrículo direito |
| Identificação de derrame pericárdico/tamponamento |
| Insuficiência respiratória ou hipoxemia de etiologia indefinida |
| Embolia pulmonar |
| Complicações após cirurgia cardiotorácica |
Vantagens e desvantagens da ecocardiografia na terapia intensiva(4)
| Vantagens | Desvantagens |
|---|---|
| Informações obtidas previamente à monitorização invasiva | Medidas intermitentes |
| Não há necessidade de outros profissionais, além do médico que realiza o exame | Não obtenção de todas as janelas ecocardiográficas |
| Informação em tempo real | Baixa oferta de programas de treinamento |
| Seguro e portátil |
Limitações e desafios com ecocardiograma transtorácico(4)
| Múltiplas janelas frequentemente necessárias |
| Reposicionamento do paciente é usualmente necessário |
| Características próprias de cada paciente podem interferir na aquisição das imagens |
| Interferência com dispositivos de monitorização |