Acute airway obstruction due to necrotizing tracheobronchial aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients: a new clinical entity.

Two immunocompromised patients with severe neutropenia developed acute airway obstruction due to Aspergillus mycetoma formation in the trachea and main bronchi. The mycetomas caused transmural necrosis of the airway. In one patient, the necrosis extended through the bronchus intermedius into the pulmonary artery, resulting in a fatal hemorrhage during bronchoscopy.