Blood glucose turnover during high- and low-intensity exercise.

We hypothesized that whole body glucose uptake (Rd) during exercise is not related in a simple, linear manner to O2 uptake (VO2). To test this, seven healthy male subjects (age range 23-34 yr) were studied in the postabsorptive but not glycogen-depleted state. Three conditions were examined: 1) rest, 2) 40 min of constant exercise in which the work rates were carefully chosen to consist of low-intensity exercise (no elevated blood lactate, a mean of 40% maximal VO2), and 3) 40 min of high-intensity exercise (markedly elevated blood lactate, 79% maximal VO2). Gas exchange was measured breath by breath, and glucose uptake and production were measured using [6,6-2H2]glucose. Low-intensity exercise (n = 7) resulted in a small but not statistically significant increase in mean Rd [3.06 +/- 0.37 (SE) mg.min-1.kg-1] compared with resting values (2.87 +/- 0.39 mg.min-1.kg-1) despite a fourfold increase in the production of CO2 and VO2. By contrast, the high-intensity exercise Rd (n = 5, 6.98 +/- 0.67 mg.min-1.kg-1) was significantly greater than the resting value (3.03 +/- 0.56 mg.min-1.kg-1). Results of glucose production were virtually the same. Similarly, mean levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine increased significantly above resting values during high- but not low-intensity exercise. Our data demonstrate that whole body glucose dynamics and regulation during 40 min of exercise do not change in a simple linear manner with respect to metabolic rate.