Rasmus Vestergaard Juul1, Joakim Nyberg2, Trine Meldgaard Lund3, Sten Rasmussen4,5, Mads Kreilgaard3, Lona Louring Christrup3, Ulrika S H Simonsson2. 1. Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. rasmusvjuul@gmail.com. 2. Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. 3. Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. 4. Orthopaedic Surgery Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark. 5. Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To characterize the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) relationship between exposure of morphine and subsequent morphine consumption and to develop simulation tools for model validation. METHODS: Dose, formulation and time of morphine administration was available from a published study in 63 patients receiving intravenous, oral immediate release or oral controlled release morphine on request after hip surgery. The PK-PD relationship between predicted exposure of morphine and morphine consumption was modeled using repeated time to event (RTTE) modeling in NONMEM. To validate the RTTE model, a visual predictive check method was developed with simulated morphine consumption given the exposure of preceding morphine administration. RESULTS: The probability of requesting morphine was found to be significantly related to the exposure of morphine as well as night/day. Oral controlled release morphine was more effective than intravenous and oral immediate release formulations at equivalent average concentrations. Maximum effect was obtained for 8 h by oral controlled release doses ≥ 15 mg, where probability of requesting a new dose was reduced to 20% for a typical patient. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the first quantitative link between exposure of morphine and subsequent morphine consumption and introduces an efficient visual predictive check approach with simulation of adaptive dosing.
PURPOSE: To characterize the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) relationship between exposure of morphine and subsequent morphine consumption and to develop simulation tools for model validation. METHODS: Dose, formulation and time of morphine administration was available from a published study in 63 patients receiving intravenous, oral immediate release or oral controlled release morphine on request after hip surgery. The PK-PD relationship between predicted exposure of morphine and morphine consumption was modeled using repeated time to event (RTTE) modeling in NONMEM. To validate the RTTE model, a visual predictive check method was developed with simulated morphine consumption given the exposure of preceding morphine administration. RESULTS: The probability of requesting morphine was found to be significantly related to the exposure of morphine as well as night/day. Oral controlled release morphine was more effective than intravenous and oral immediate release formulations at equivalent average concentrations. Maximum effect was obtained for 8 h by oral controlled release doses ≥ 15 mg, where probability of requesting a new dose was reduced to 20% for a typical patient. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the first quantitative link between exposure of morphine and subsequent morphine consumption and introduces an efficient visual predictive check approach with simulation of adaptive dosing.
Entities:
Keywords:
non-linear mixed effects modeling; opioid consumption; pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics; postoperative pain; repeated time to event
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