New combinations in Neotropical Thelypteridaceae.

288 new combinations of Neotropical Thelypteridaceae taxa are proposed in order to recognize monophyletic genera, based on the results of the most recent molecular phylogeny of the family, as well as the morphological uniformity of characters for each genus. The new nomenclatural combinations correspond to 186 Amauropelta taxa, 77 species of Goniopteris, and 25 Steiropteris taxa. A key to all native Neotropical genera of the family is also presented.

Introduction

The , comprising approximately 1,000 species, is one of the largest families of ferns (Smith et al. 2006). It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with most species occurring in tropical and subtropical regions (Smith 1992, Smith et al. 2006, 2008). The family is monophyletic as usually construed (Smith and Cranfill 2002, Schuettpelz and Pryer 2007, He and Zhang 2013, and Almeida et al. 2015). However, the classification within the family is controversial, with authors recognizing different numbers of genera: 32 (Pichi Sermolli 1977), 25 (Holttum 1971, 1982, Old World only), 20 (Ching 1978), 5 (Smith 1990a, Smith et al. 2006, 2008), or only one (Morton 1969, Tryon and Tryon 1982).

Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have recovered two main groups in the family: the phegopteroid and the thelypteroid lineages (Smith and Cranfill 2002, He and Zhang 2012, and Almeida et al. 2015). The phegopteroid lineage includes two paleotropical genera, (ca. 10 spp.), (ca. 20 spp.), and one north-temperate genus, (4 spp.). In the thelypteroid lineage, s.s. (, ) is the basal group and sister to a clade that includes all other non-phegopteroid . This confirms the status of s.s. as a small, isolated segregate genus of two species. The sister group to s.s. comprises two well supported, much larger clades: the amauropeltoid clade, comprising the genera , , , and , and the cyclosoroid clade, comprising several genera from the Old World and the New World (He and Zhang 2012, and Almeida et al. 2015). Inside the cylosoroid clade, several groups in the Paleotropics are still ill-defined and probably not monophyletic (He and Zhang 2012, Almeida et al. 2015). Thus, the current infrafamilial classification for is not in accordance with growing phylogenetic evidence and principles of monophyly.

The following native Neotropical genera of are recognized: , (a more precise circumscription still pending), , , , , , and , based on the recent molecular phylogenetic data for this family (Almeida et al. 2015) and the morphological uniformity recognized in previously proposed classifications (Holttum 1971, Pichi Sermolli 1977, Smith 1980, 1990a). With the exception of and , the other six genera belong to the cyclosoroid clade. In the most recent published floras for Neotropical areas, these monophyletic groups of were treated as subgenera of . In the most recent fern classifications (Smith 1990a; Smith et al. 2006, 2008; Christenhusz et al. 2011), was treated within the genus , and , , , , and within the genus .

Utilizing our most recent results on molecular phylogeny of the family (Almeida et al. 2015), the monophyletic genera accepted here have strong support. They are also easily defined morphologically by characters in the key below.

, predominantly Neotropical, is most closely related to several Old World genera: , , and . is recognized mainly by the laminar base usually gradually or abruptly reduced with one to many pairs of auriculiform or glanduliform pinnae, and by the veins from adjacent segments usually meeting the blade margins above the sinuses on pinnatifid pinnae.

Our results (Almeida et al. 2015) confirm that is monophyletic and sister to all remaining cyclosoroid genera except . These results include an interesting novelty: and , from southern Brazil (previously incertae sedis), nest in with strong support. These two species were treated by Christensen (1913) as belonging to (= ).

has long been recognized as a natural group (Christensen 1913, Tryon and Tryon 1982, Smith 1990a). It is also monophyletic (Smith and Cranfill 2002, Schuettpelz and Pryer 2007) and has been accorded generic status, e.g., by Copeland (1947), Brade (1972) and Pichi Sermolli (1977). The presence of furcate or stellate hairs on the blades and/or rhizome apex scales is a useful diagnostic character for (Salino 2002), but this character has apparently been secondarily lost in a few species: (Mexico and Central America; Mickel and Smith 2004; Smith 1995a), , (both endemic to Peru; Smith 1992), (French Guiana; Smith 1993), and (Panama, Peru; Smith 1995a, and Colombia).

The narrow circumscription of used here has already been adopted by some authors (e.g., Pichi Sermolli 1977, Holttum 1971, 1982). This clade (pantropical, with two species, only one of which, , occurs in the Neotropics) is supported as monophyletic in the results of our molecular phylogeny (Almeida et al. 2015). Most native species previously considered in in some floras (Mickel and Beitel 1988, Mickel and Smith 2004, Proctor 1977, 1985, 1989, Salino and Semir 2002, Smith 1981a,b, 1983, 1988, 1992, 1995a,b) are now treated in the genus , as done by Pichi Sermolli (1977) and Holttum (1974, 1982). However, it appears likely that sensu Holttum is not monophyletic (see Smith and Cranfill 2002; Schuettpelz and Pryer 2007; He and Zhang 2012).

Following Smith (1990a) and Smith et al. (2006, 2008), Mazumdar and Mukhopadhyay (2013) proposed new combinations in for many species nested in the cyclosoroid clade. However, if this clade is to be considered as a single genus, the oldest generic name is (Schreber 1791). In order to retain all the names recombined by Mazumdar and Mukhopadhyay (2013), Mazumdar (2015) subsequently proposed conservation of against . However, we believe conservation is unnecessary, because the cyclosoroid clade, considered by Mazumdar (2015) as a genus, corresponds to at least 10 genera according to recent molecular phylogenetic results (Almeida et al. 2015). We think it preferable that sensu stricto be construed as comprising only two species (see above). At the same time, we interpret phylogenetic evidence to best support as a genus comprising 26 species (Fernandes et al. 2014).

, wholly Neotropical, appears to be monophyletic and more closely related to s.s. (), , and (Almeida et al. 2015). is morphologically uniform and characterized by short-creeping rhizomes, pinnate leaves each with a conform apical pinna, and by regularly anastomosing veins resulting in parallel rows of areoles that include either a single free vein or a bisecting vein. Fernandes et al. (2014) made five new combinations for species; combinations are already available for other recognized menisciums. Similarly, combinations are available for 38 species of , for nearly 40 species of , as well as for nine species of . New combinations in , , and are established for most PageBreakremaining Neotropical species, those that appear commonly recognized in existing floras and monographs. We refrain from addressing further sensu Holttum in the Neotropics, because (as mentioned above) existing evidence suggests that it is not monophyletic – most of the neotropical species () appear to comprise a clade separate from the paleotropical species (). However, sampling of in both the Old World and New World, as well as affiliated cyclosoroid genera circumscribed by Holttum (1982) in the Paleotropics, is still far too meager to construct a viable taxonomy.

New combinations

The names proposed as needing new combinations were obtained from taxonomic and floristic sources such as floras, monographs, or isolated published papers. All names were checked in IPNI.ORG and TROPICOS.ORG. The main floras consulted were ones for Mexico (Smith 1981a, 1988; Mickel and Beitel 1988, Mickel and Smith 2004), Lesser Antilles (Proctor 1977), Jamaica (Proctor 1985), Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Proctor 1989), Cuba (Sánchez et al 2006), Mesoamerica (Smith 1995a), Guatemala (Smith 1981b), Venezuela (Vareschi 1969; Smith 1995b), Guianas (Smith 1993), Ecuador (Smith 1983), Peru (Smith 1992), Argentina (Ponce 1987), and from Brazil (Brade 1971, Sehnem 1979, Salino and Semir 2002, 2003, 2004, Ponce 2007, Salino and Almeida 2010). The monographs of reference were the works of Christensen (1907, 1913, 1920) and Smith (1980). In addition, the following works describing new species were consulted: Smith and Lellinger (1985), Smith (1990b), Salino (2002), Salino and Melo (2000), Smith and Kessler (2008), Matos et al. (2010), and Salino et al. (2011, 2014). The authorship of new combinations was established as follows: species in Venezuela are credited to Alan R. Smith; Alexandre Salino and Thais Elias Almeida are credited with authorship of the remaining species. We choose to cite only the basionym and the name in (when available) for all new combinations; this avoids citation of the often extensive synonymy, information that is available in many recent floristic and taxonomic studies.

New combinations in

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151259-1

, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 22: 371.

, Darwiniana 13: 566.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150878-1

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 15. F. 1A, 1B.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150879-1

, Fontqueria 31: 223. f.1.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150880-1

, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., ser. 3, 16: 23.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151260-1

, Darwiniana 28 (1-4): 345.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151261-1

, Candollea 55: 310.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150881-1

, Recens. Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 51.

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 17.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150882-1

, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s., 29: 16.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150883-1

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 19.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150884-1

, Darwiniana 33: 270.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151262-1

, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 294.

, Acta Bot. Venez. 14 (3): 7.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150885-1

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 21.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151263-1

, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 22: 367.

, Revista Mus. La Plata, Secc. Bot. 9 (36-37): 19.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150886-1

, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s., 29: 36.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151264-1

, Linnaea 36. 112.

, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 29: 24.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150887-1

, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 7 (4): 263.

, Phytologia 17 (4): 261.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150888-1

, Brittonia 60 (1): 49.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150889-1

, Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 10: 228.

, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 250.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150890-1

, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77 (1): 118. f. 2A-C.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151265-1

, Amer. Fern J. 95 (1): 30. f. 1.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150891-1

, Acta Bot. Venez. 14 (3): 6.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151266-1

, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 303–304.

, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 48: 233.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150892-1

, Timehri 5: 213.

, Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 10.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150893-1

, Recens. Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 43.

, Rhodora 84: 128.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150894-1

, Hedwigia 46: 337, t. 6, f. 11.

, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 48: 233.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150895-1

, Darwiniana 13: 550, f. 4, t. 2.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151267-1

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 27.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150896-1

, Recens. Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 48.

, J. Wash. Acad. Sci 48: 234.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151268-1

, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 444.

, J. Wash. Acad. Sci 48: 233.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150897-1

, Brittonia 60 (1): 51.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150898-1

, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77 (1): 120. f. 3A-C.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151269-1

, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 7 (4): 263.

, Phytologia 17 (4): 267.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150900-1

, Sert. Fl. Ecuad. II. 26.

, Phytologia 34: 233.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150901-1

, Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 152.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150904-1

, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 98 (4): 918. f. 3.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150906-1

, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s., 29: 23.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150908-1

, Recens. Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 45.

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 37.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150910-1

, Mém. Foug. 11 (Hist. Foug. Ant.): 76, t. 20, f. 3).

, Rhodora 61 (732): 306.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150912-1

, Rhodora 68: 468.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151270-1

, J. Bot. 15: 163. 1877, as

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 38.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150914-1

, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 19 (12): 245. f. 1.

, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 251.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150916-1

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 39.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150917-1

, Amer. Fern J. 23: 75.

, Amer. Fern J. 67(2): 60.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150920-1

, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s., 29: 37.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151271-1

, Amer. Fern J. 71(2): 57.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151422-1

Fil. sp. 94.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150922-1

, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., ser. 3, 16(2): 25, t. 3, f. 9-11.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150924-1

, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 98(4): 919. f. 5.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150926-1

, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s., 29: 21.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150928-1

, Willdenowia 35: 159.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150930-1

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 41.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150932-1

, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s., 29: 33.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150933-1

, Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 243.

, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 48: 233.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150936-1

, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s., 29: 16.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151278-1

, Crypt. Vasc. Brésil, 2. 73. T. 101.

Ponce (as

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150938-1

, Recens. Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 58.

, Phytologia 17(4): 275.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150940-1

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 44.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151279-1

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 44.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150942-1

, Brittonia 60 (1): 51.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150944-1

, Brittonia 60(1): 53.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150946-1

, J. Bot. 17: 260.

, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 5: 60.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150948-1

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 46.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150949-1

, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2., 6: 160.

, Amer. Fern J. 75(1): 31.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150952-1

, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 5, 2: 246.

, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 48: 233.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150954-1

, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s., 29: 34.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150956-1

, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 34: 24.

, Rhodora 69: 6.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150958-1

, Mém. Foug. 11 (Hist. Foug. Ant.): 55.

, Rhodora 61: 306.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150960-1

, Dansk Bot. Ark. 9(3): 61.

, Rhodora 69: 6.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150962-1

, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., ser. 3, 16(2): 18.

, Amer. Fern J. 53(2): 66.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150964-1

, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 98(4): 921. f 6.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150965-1

, Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica 4. 129.

, Amer. Fern J. 71(2): 60.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150968-1

, Mag. Nat. Hist., n.s, 2: 457.

, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 5: 60.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150970-1

, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77(1): 122. f 2D-E.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151280-1

, Amer. Fern J. 71: 59.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150972-1

, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., ser. 3, 16(2): 20. t 4, f 4-5.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150974-1

, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 6: 380.

, Phytologia 17(4): 282.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150976-1

, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s., 29: 29.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150978-1

, Mém. Foug. 11 (Hist. Foug. Ant.): 56. pl 13, f 3.

, Rhodora 61: 306.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150980-1

, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève sér. 2, 1(5): 225.

, Phytologia 17(4) : 284.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151281-1

, Amer. Fern J. 75(2): 61. f 3.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150981-1

, Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 150.

, Amer. Fern J. 67(2): 60.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150984-1

, Brittonia 60(1): 53.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151282-1

, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 5, 2: 247.

, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 242.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150986-1

, Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., ser. 3., 16(2): 22. t 4, f 9-10.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150988-1

, Sellowia 17: 57. f 4.

, Amer. Fern. J. 74(2): 60.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151283-1

, Amer. Fern J. 4: 79.

, Phytologia 17(4): 285.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150990-1

, Festschrift Albert von Bamberg 63.

, Phytologia 17(4): 286.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150992-1

, Darwiniana 18: 222. f 3, 8c.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150994-1

, Linnaea 36. 112.

, Rhodora 69: 6.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150996-1

, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s., 29: 18.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77150997-1

, Hedwigia 46. 328, t. 4, f. 4.

, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 48: 233.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151000-1

, J. Bot. 19: 204.

, Phytologia 17(4): 289.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151284-1

, Anales Univ. Central Quito Ecuador 22(160): 103.

, Phytologia 17(4): 290.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151002-1

, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77(1): 123. f 3D-E.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151003-1

, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 88: 629–630. f 303A-E,

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151006-1

, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s., 29: 30.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151008-1

, Brittonia 60(1): 54.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151010-1

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 54.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151012-1

, Brittonia 60(1): 54.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151014-1

, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., ser. 3, 16(2): 21. t. 4(6−8).

, Amer. Fern J. 53(2): 66.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151285-1

, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 52(3): 384.

, Phytologia 17(4): 292.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151016-1

, Kongel. Danske.Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 4: 328, f. 50.

, Phytologia 17(4): 292.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151017-1

, Bull. Fan mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 252.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151020-1

, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s., 29: 33.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151022-1

, Brittonia 60(1): 55.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151024-1

, Amer. Fern J. 43(4): 173.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151286-1

, Phytologia 52(3): 155–156.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151026-1

, Amer. Fern J. 63(3): 125. f 11.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151287-1

, Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 4: 300. f 27.

, Phytologia 17(4): 294.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151028-1

, Rhodora 63: 33.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151030-1

, Amer. Fern J. 75(2): 56. f 1.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151032-1

, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 7(3): 142, t.1, f 3, t. 7.

, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 10: 253.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151033-1

, Bull. Bot. Dept. 3: 21.

, Amer. Fern J. 71(2): 58.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151036-1

, Brittonia 60(1): 57.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151038-1

, Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 240.

, Rhodora 69(777): 7.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151288-1

, Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 3: 2, t. 2, 4(4-6), 6(4-5).

, Novon 8(3): 275.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151040-1

, Darwiniana 18: 225. pl 4, 8b.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151042-1

, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 40(8): 229. f 7C.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151044-1

, Amer. Fern J. 63(3): 125. f 7-8.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151046-1

, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 98(4): 925. f 8.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151048-1

, Fontqueria 31: 225. f 2.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151289-1

, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 2: 367.

, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 253.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151049-1

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 62.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151052-1

, Crypt. vasc. Brésil 1: 59, t. 14, f. 3.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151054-1

, Linnaea 20. 386.

, Rhodora 69(777): 7.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151056-1

, Brittonia 60(1): 58.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151058-1

, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77(2): 272, f. 11.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151292-1

, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 298-299.

, Rhodora 69(777): 7.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151293-1

, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 56.

, Rhodora 69(777): 7.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151060-1

, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 115.

, Amer. Fern J. 43(4): 174.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151294-1

, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 52: 372.

, Amer. Fern J. 53(2): 69.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151062-1

, Fieldiana, Botany 28: 11.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151421-1

, Spec. Fil. 4: 105.

, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 48(7): 233.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151295-1

, Fl. Ilustr. Catarin. 1(Aspid.): 245. f 61.

, Darwiniana 33(1-4): 270.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151296-1

, Fl. Ilustr. Catarin. 1(Aspid.): 232. f 57.

, Darwiniana 33(1-4): 270.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151064-1

, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s., 29: 36.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151297-1

, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 98(4): 925. f 9.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151298-1

, Amer. Fern J. 67(2): 60,

, Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 4: 292.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151065-1

, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 472.

, Phytologia 17(4): 307.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151068-1

, Linnaea 20. 389.

, Rhodora 69(777): 8.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151070-1

, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 5, 2: 245.

, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 254.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151072-1

, Hedwigia 56: 367.

, Darwiniana 33(1-4): 266.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151074-1

, Amer. Fern J. 53(2): 69.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151299-1

, Hedwigia 46. 123.

, Phytologia 17: 308.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151076-1

, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., ser. 3, 16(2): 18, t. 2, f. 1-3.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151300-1

, Kongel. Danske.Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 4: 284, f. 12.

, Darwiniana 33(1-4): 264.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151078-1

, Recens. Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 51.

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 71.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151080-1

, Amer. Fern J. 75(2): 58. f 2.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151081-1

, Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 239.

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 72.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151084-1

, Crypt. Vasc. Brésil 1: 145, t. 50, f. 1.

, Revista Mus. La Plata, Secc. Bot. 9(36-37): 19.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151301-1

, Timehri 5: 214.

, Phytologia 17(4): 310.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151086-1

, Kongel. Danske.Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 4: 304, f. 30.

, Rhodora 69(777): 8.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151088-1

, Brittonia 60(1): 60.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151090-1

, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 19(9): 305.

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 74.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151302-1

, Encycl. 5: 532.

Fl. Ecuador 18: 77.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151092-1

, Linnaea 20: 385.

Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 29: 35.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151094-1

, Linnaea 20. 415.

, Phytologia 17(4): 310.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151303-1

, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 24.

, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 254.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151096-1

, Mém. Foug. 11 (Hist. Foug. Ant.): 55, t. 13, f. 1.

, Rhodora 61(732): 306. 1959[1960].

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151097-1

, Hedwigia 46: 126.

, Darwiniana 33(1-4): 280.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151100-1

, Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1817: 59, t. 3, f. 5.

, Phytologia 17(4): 312.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151102-1

, Mém. foug. 11 (Hist. foug. Ant.): 51.

, Phytologia 17(4): 312.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151104-1

, Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., ser. 3, 16(2): 24. t. 3(7−8).

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151106-1

, Recens. Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 46.

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 79.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151304-1

, Amer. Fern J. 4: 77.

, Adansonia, sér. 2, 11: 719. 1971 [1972].

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151108-1

, Amer. Fern J. 98(4): 199. f 1.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151110-1

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 79.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151305-1

, Festschrift Albert von Bamberg 64.

, Phytologia 17(4): 316.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151112-1

, Recens. Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 43.

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 34.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151113-1

, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 98(4): 927. F 10.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151306-1

, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 52(3): 388.

, Phytologia 17(4): 316.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151116-1

, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77(1): 123. f 4.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151118-1

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 80.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151307-1

, Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 241.

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 82.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151120-1

, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 5: 727.

, Amer. Fern J. 63(3): 127.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151122-1

, Hedwigia 56. 365.

, Novon 8(3): 277.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151124-1

, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 98(4): f 11. 927.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151126-1

, Crypt. Vasc. Brésil 1: 134. t 43, f 1.

, Phytologia 17(4): 319.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151308-1

, Amer. Fern J. 71(2): 58.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151128-1

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 86.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151129-1

, Darwiniana 1: 100.

, Darwiniana 13: 566.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151132-1

, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 88: 638. f 302A-C.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151134-1

, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 98(4): 929. f 12.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151136-1

, Rev. Biol. Trop. 17(1): 106. f 1-4.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151138-1

, Brittonia 60(1): 61.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151140-1

, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 98(4): 929. f 13.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151141-1

Amer. Fern J. 75(2): 63. f 4.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151144-1

, Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 239.

, Rhodora 61: 305.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151354-1

, Phytologia 50(7): 458.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151310-1

, Nordic J. Bot. 29(5): 611. f 1-2.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151311-1

, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 305-306.

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 140.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151312-1

, Linnaea 36. 113.

, Phytologia 17(4): 260.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151148-1

, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77(1): 118. f 1D-E.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151150-1

, A.R.Sm. & Labiak, Brittonia 62(2): 149. f 1.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151152-1

, Novon 16: 431.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151154-1

, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 15: 230.

, Ferns Jamaica 337.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151355-1

, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 300-301.

, Rhodora 69(777): 5.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151156-1

, Mém. Foug. 8: 91.

, Phytologia 17(4): 264.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151157-1

, Brenesia 8: 98.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151160-1

, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 98(4): 916. f 1.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151162-1

, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 66: 52.

, Acta Bot. Neerl. 18: 141.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151164-1

, Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. filic.): 244.

, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 5: 59.

Salino & T.E.Almeida nom. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151356-1

, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 98(4): 919. f 4.

This needs a new name in

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151314-1

, Willdenowia 34: 513.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151168-1

, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77(1): 122. f 1A-C.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151170-1

, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 7(4): 263.

, Phytologia 17(4): 270.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151172-1

, Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 215.

, Phytologia 17(4): 273.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151173-1

, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 6(2): 163.

, Phytologia 17(4): 275.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151176-1

, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s., 29: 59.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151357-1

, Lloydia 2: 164. f. 1(1−3).

, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77(1): 203.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151315-1

, Amer. Fern J. 75(2): 67. f 6.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151316-1

, Acta Bot. Neerl. 18: 140. f. 2.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151358-1

, Phytologia 50(7): 458.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151317-1

, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., ser. 3, 16(2): 29, t. 6, f. 1-4.

, Moscosoa 3: 46.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151182-1

, Phytotaxa 156(5): 280. f 1-3.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151184-1

, Sp. fil. 4: 66.

, Rhodora 69(777): 6.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151186-1

, Willdenowia 34: 515.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151188-1

, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 98(4): 923. f 7.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151189-1

, Willdenowia 34: 517.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151359-1

, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 19: 255.

, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 38: 37.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151192-1

, Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 5, 1: 211.

, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 65: 348.

, Phytologia 17: 292.

The earliest species ephitet,

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151360-1

, Brittonia 54(4): 332. f 1.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151319-1

, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 299.

, Rhodora 69(777): 7.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151194-1

, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 88: 654-655. f 308I.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151196-1

, Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 252.

, Phytologia 34(4): 232.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151198-1

, Willdenowia 34: 511.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151361-1

, Brittonia 54(4): 334. f 2D-F.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151321-1

, Brittonia 54(4): 336. f 3.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151200-1

, Amer. Fern J. 63(3): 120. f 9-10.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151202-1

, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 19: 252.

, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 38(2): 55.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151204-1

, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., ser. 3, 16(2): 31, t. 7, f. 1-2.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151325-1

, Amer. Fern J. 68(1): 9. f 1.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151323-1

, Brittonia 54(4): 337. F 2A-C.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151205-1

, Linnaea 20: 368.

, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 98.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151362-1

, Bot. Gaz. 12: 134.

, Phytologia 17(4): 302.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151324-1

, Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 5: 242.

, Bradea 5(40): 384.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151326-1

, Recens. Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 52.

, Phytologia 17(4): 303.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151210-1

, Brittonia 60(1): 58.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151212-1

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 110.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151214-1

, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 57: 20.

, Phytologia 34(3): 232.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151216-1

, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77(1): 123. f 1F-H.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151218-1

, Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 17: 302.

, Amer. Fern J. 63(3): 121.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151327-1

, Sp. Pl. 1089.

, Bradea 5(40): 385.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151329-1

, Amer. Fern J. 79(3): 122. f 1.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151328-1

, Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 258.

, Rhodora 69: 8.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151220-1

, Brittonia 60(1): 60.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151330-1

, Mém. Foug. 8: 108.

, Phytologia 17(4): 312.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151331-1

, Amer. Fern J. 25: 52.

, Phytologia 34(3): 233.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151221-1

, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77(1): 202. f 1.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151224-1

, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s., 29: 63.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151226-1

, Linnaea 9: 91.

, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 254.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151332-1

, Novon 10(1): 74. f 1A-e.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151228-1

, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., ser. 3, 16(2): 32, t. 7, f. 4-5.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151230-1

, Icon. Pl. 10: t. 924.

, Phytologia 17(4): 314.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151232-1

, Brittonia 60(1): 61.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151333-1

, Phytologia 34(3): 231.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151253-1

, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., ser. 3, 16(2): 28, t. 6, f. 5–6.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151234-1

, J. Bot. 20: 326.

, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 5: 65.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151334-1

, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s., 29: 62.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151236-1

, Acebey & A.R.Sm., Amer. Fern J. 97(3): 137–139.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151335-1

, Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 301.

, Fl. Ecuador 18: 116.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151237-1

, Amer. Fern J. 75(2): 65. f 5.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151336-1

, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 53: 208.

A.R.Sm. comb. et stat. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151337-1

, Crypt. Vasc. Brésil, 2. 40.

, Biol. Arb. Til. Eug. Warming 80.

, Alston, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 48: 234.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151338-1

, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 10.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151240-1

, Ann. Bot. 5: 317.

, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 11.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151242-1

, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 28: 528.

, Amer. Fern J. 51(1): 38.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151339-1

, Species Plantarum 2: 1093.

, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 5: 59.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151340-1

, Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 161.

, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 15.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151341-1

, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 16.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151342-1

, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 6: 313.

, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 16.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151343-1

, Recens. Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 59.

, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 17.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151344-1

, Linnaea 36: 109.

, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 32.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151256-1

, Linnaea 9: 48.

, Phytologia 34: 233.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151345-1

, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 22.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151346-1

, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 22.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151244-1

, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsacad. Handl., ser. 3, 16(2): 26. t 2(4-6).

, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 23.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151347-1

, Syn Fil, 2. 495.

, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 25.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151348-1

, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 25.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151258-1

, Hedwigia 44: 367.

, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 26.

A.R.Sm. comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151349-1

, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 26.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151246-1

, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 17: 32.

, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 252.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151350-1

, Brittonia 60(1): 57.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151351-1

, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 28.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151248-1

, Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 161.

, Amer. Fern J. 51(1): 38.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151250-1

, Opusc. Sci. 3: 284.

, Phytologia 7: 305.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151353-1

, in Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald. 228.

, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 30.

Salino & T.E.Almeida comb. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77151252-1

, Hort. Berol. 2: 51. 1833.

, Phytologia 7: 323.

1	Forked or stellate hairs present at least on the rachises and costae, and/or on the scales at apices of rhizomes, and may be present in other parts of the frond	Goniopteris
–	All hairs unbranched (hairs fasciculate, i.e., basally clustered, in some species of Amauropelta)
2	Laminae 1-pinnate, rarely simple; pinnae entire or with an serrate or undulate margin, rarely shallowly lobed; veins regularly anatomosing, areoles 3–25-seriate between costae and pinna margins	3
–	Laminae 1-pinnate-pinnatifid, rarely 2-pinnate; pinnae incised 1/3 their width or more; veins meeting the margins above sinuses, or connivent at sinuses, or with 1 or 2 pairs of anastomosing below sinuses	4
3	Sori usually in a single row between adjacent costules (except Meniscium andreanum, which often has a double row of sori between main lateral veins), oblong or linear, rarely round; sori exindusiate	Meniscium
–	Sori usually in a double row between adjacent costules, usually round (except Goniopteris holodictya, which sometimes has only one row of somewhat elongate sori between costules); sori indusiate (indusial may be small, or hidden in mature sori!) or exindusiate	Goniopteris
4	Sporangia setose; sori elongate, exindusiate	5
–	Sporangia not setose, or if setose (in eight species of Amauropelta) then sori round; sori round, oblong, or rarely elongate; sori indusiate or exindusiate	6
5	Pinnae broadly adnate and decurrent onto rachises in the distal half of laminae; proximal pinnae not cuneate at bases	Stegnogramma (Stegnogramma pilosa, Stegnogramma burksiorum)
–	Pinnae neither adnate nor decurrent onto rachises, sometimes one distal pair adnate to rachises; proximal pinnae short- to long-cuneate at bases	Steiropteris (Stegnogramma polypodioides, Stegnogramma villosa)
6	Laminae with all veins usually meeting margins above the sinuses	7
–	Laminae with at least some of the proximal veins running to the sinuses or forming an excurrent vein to the sinuses	9
7	Laminae narrowed proximally with (1-) 2−20 pairs of greatly reduced pinnae, the proximal pinnae usually auriculiform or glanduliform, rarely proximal pinnae not reduced	Amauropelta
–	Laminae usually not narrowed proximally, or only slightly so, usually lacking greatly reduced pinnae	8
8	Rhizomes long-creeping; laminae 1-pinnate-pinnatifid to 2-pinnate; veins of sterile laminae 1- or 2-forked, sometimes simple in the fertile laminae	Thelypteris
–	Stems ascending to erect, rarely short-creeping; laminae 1-pinnate-pinnatifid; veins of sterile and fertile laminae simple.. Steiropteris (subg. Glaphyropteris)
9	Rhizomes long-creeping to 3 m or more, blackish, scaleless or nearly so	Cyclosorus
–	Rhizomes short-creeping to ascending or erect, light brown, with conspicuous scales, at least at apices	10
10	Cartilaginous keel (false vein) present below pinna sinuses, keels extending toward costa but not meeting it; aerophores (tuberculate or often threadlike) at pinna bases usually present, absent in a few species; indusia present or absent	Steiropteris (subg. Steiropteris)
–	Cartilaginous keel absent below pinna sinuses; aerophores at pinna bases absent; indusia present, persistent	Christella