Controlled Fabrication of Bioactive Microfibers for Creating Tissue Constructs Using Microfluidic Techniques.

The fabrication of heterogeneous microstructures, which exert precise control over the distribution of different cell types within biocompatible constructs, is important for many tissue engineering applications. Here, bioactive microfibers with tunable morphologies, structures, and components are generated and employed for creating different tissue constructs. Multibarrel capillary microfluidics with multiple laminar flows are used for continuously spinning these microfibers. With an immediate gelation reaction of the cell dispersed alginate solutions, the cell-laden alginate microfibers with the tunable morphologies and structures as the designed multiple laminar flows can be generated. The performances of the microfibers in cell culture are improved by incorporating bioactive polymers, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) or methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), into the alginate. It is demonstrated that a series of complex three-dimensional (3D) architectural cellular buildings, including biomimic vessels and scaffolds, can be created using these bioactive microfibers.