New training methods based on mixed reality for interventional ultrasound: Design and validation.

Currently the learning model for ultrasound imaging diagnosis and intervention follows a traditional approach based on learning by doing but this model exposes the patient to the whole learning curve of the novice. In order to enable training in a safe environment without compromising patient's health we have developed and demonstrated face, content and construct validity of a hybrid simulator for ultrasound-guided biopsy. This hybrid simulator is able to provide a support to acquire skills in term of 3D perception and hand-eye coordination thanks to a mixed reality visualization that allows accurate and easy planning of probe position/orientation and needle trajectory to reach the target.