Simon Annaheim1,2,3, Matthias Jacob4, Alexander Krafft5, Christian Breymann5, Markus Rehm4, Urs Boutellier6,7,8. 1. Exercise Physiology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences, ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. 2. Laboratory for Protection and Physiology, EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland. 3. Exercise Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. 4. Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Nussbaumstrasse 20, 80336, Munich, Germany. 5. Division of Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, 8000, Zurich, Switzerland. 6. Exercise Physiology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences, ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. urs.boutellier@hest.ethz.ch. 7. Exercise Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. urs.boutellier@hest.ethz.ch. 8. Exercise Physiology, ETH Zurich, Rychenbergstr. 49a, 8400, Winterthur, Switzerland. urs.boutellier@hest.ethz.ch.
Abstract
PURPOSE:Erythropoietin (EPO) controls red cell volume (RCV) and plasma volume (PV). Therefore, injecting recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) increases RCV and most likely reduces PV. RhEPO-induced endurance improvements are explained by an increase in blood oxygen (O2) transport capacity, which increases maximum O2 uptake ([Formula: see text]O2max). However, it is debatable whether increased RCV or [Formula: see text]O2max are the main reasons for the prolongation of the time to exhaustion (t lim) at submaximal intensity. We hypothesized that high rhEPO doses in particular contracts PV such that the improvement in t lim is not as strong as at lower doses while [Formula: see text]O2max increases in a dose-dependent manner. METHODS: We investigated the effects of different doses of rhEPO given during 4 weeks [placebo (P), low (L), medium (M), and high (H) dosage] on RCV, PV, [Formula: see text]O2max and t lim in 40 subjects. RESULTS: While RCV increased in a dose-dependent manner, PV decreased independent of the rhEPO dose. The improvements in t lim (P +21.4 ± 23.8%; L +16.7 ± 29.8%; M +44.8 ± 62.7%; H +69.7 ± 73.4%) depended on the applied doses (R (2) = 0.89) and clearly exceeded the dose-independent [Formula: see text]O2max increases (P -1.7 ± 3.2%; L +2.6 ± 6.8%; M +5.7 ± 5.1 %; H +5.6 ± 4.3 %) after 4 weeks of rhEPO administration. Furthermore, the absolute t lim was not related (R (2) ≈ 0) to RCV or to [Formula: see text]O2max. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a contraction in PV does not negatively affect t lim and that rhEPO improves t lim by additional, non-hematopoietic factors.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE:Erythropoietin (EPO) controls red cell volume (RCV) and plasma volume (PV). Therefore, injecting recombinant humanEPO (rhEPO) increases RCV and most likely reduces PV. RhEPO-induced endurance improvements are explained by an increase in blood oxygen (O2) transport capacity, which increases maximum O2 uptake ([Formula: see text]O2max). However, it is debatable whether increased RCV or [Formula: see text]O2max are the main reasons for the prolongation of the time to exhaustion (t lim) at submaximal intensity. We hypothesized that high rhEPO doses in particular contracts PV such that the improvement in t lim is not as strong as at lower doses while [Formula: see text]O2max increases in a dose-dependent manner. METHODS: We investigated the effects of different doses of rhEPO given during 4 weeks [placebo (P), low (L), medium (M), and high (H) dosage] on RCV, PV, [Formula: see text]O2max and t lim in 40 subjects. RESULTS: While RCV increased in a dose-dependent manner, PV decreased independent of the rhEPO dose. The improvements in t lim (P +21.4 ± 23.8%; L +16.7 ± 29.8%; M +44.8 ± 62.7%; H +69.7 ± 73.4%) depended on the applied doses (R (2) = 0.89) and clearly exceeded the dose-independent [Formula: see text]O2max increases (P -1.7 ± 3.2%; L +2.6 ± 6.8%; M +5.7 ± 5.1 %; H +5.6 ± 4.3 %) after 4 weeks of rhEPO administration. Furthermore, the absolute t lim was not related (R (2) ≈ 0) to RCV or to [Formula: see text]O2max. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a contraction in PV does not negatively affect t lim and that rhEPO improves t lim by additional, non-hematopoietic factors.
Entities:
Keywords:
Oxygen transport capacity; Plasma volume; Red blood cell volume; rhEPO doping
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