Kirsten A Donald1, Jonathan C Ipser2, Fleur M Howells2, Annerine Roos3, Jean-Paul Fouche2,4, Edward P Riley5, Nastassja Koen2, Roger P Woods6, Bharat Biswal7, Heather J Zar8, Katherine L Narr6, Dan J Stein2,9. 1. Division of Developmental Paediatrics (KAD), Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. 2. Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health (JCI, FMH, J-PF, NK, DJS), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. 3. MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders (AR), Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa. 4. Department of Psychiatry (J-PF), Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa. 5. Department of Psychology (EPR), San Diego State University, San Diego, California. 6. Department of Neurology (RPW, KLN), University of California, Los Angeles, California. 7. Department of Biochemical Engineering (BB), New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey. 8. Department of Paediatrics and Child Health & MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health (HJZ), Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. 9. MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders (DJS), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Children exposed to alcohol in utero demonstrate reduced white matter microstructural integrity. While early evidence suggests altered functional brain connectivity in the lateralization of motor networks in school-age children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), the specific effects of alcohol exposure on the establishment of intrinsic connectivity in early infancy have not been explored. METHODS: Sixty subjects received functional imaging at 2 to 4 weeks of age for 6 to 8 minutes during quiet natural sleep. Thirteen alcohol-exposed (PAE) and 14 age-matched control (CTRL) participants with usable data were included in a multivariate model of connectivity between sensorimotor intrinsic functional connectivity networks. Seed-based analyses of group differences in interhemispheric connectivity of intrinsic motor networks were also conducted. The Dubowitz neurological assessment was performed at the imaging visit. RESULTS: Alcohol exposure was associated with significant increases in connectivity between somatosensory, motor networks, brainstem/thalamic, and striatal intrinsic networks. Reductions in interhemispheric connectivity of motor and somatosensory networks did not reach significance. CONCLUSIONS: Although results are preliminary, findings suggest PAE may disrupt the temporal coherence in blood oxygenation utilization in intrinsic networks underlying motor performance in newborn infants. Studies that employ longitudinal designs to investigate the effects of in utero alcohol exposure on the evolving resting-state networks will be key in establishing the distribution and timing of connectivity disturbances already described in older children.
BACKGROUND:Children exposed to alcohol in utero demonstrate reduced white matter microstructural integrity. While early evidence suggests altered functional brain connectivity in the lateralization of motor networks in school-age children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), the specific effects of alcohol exposure on the establishment of intrinsic connectivity in early infancy have not been explored. METHODS: Sixty subjects received functional imaging at 2 to 4 weeks of age for 6 to 8 minutes during quiet natural sleep. Thirteen alcohol-exposed (PAE) and 14 age-matched control (CTRL) participants with usable data were included in a multivariate model of connectivity between sensorimotor intrinsic functional connectivity networks. Seed-based analyses of group differences in interhemispheric connectivity of intrinsic motor networks were also conducted. The Dubowitz neurological assessment was performed at the imaging visit. RESULTS:Alcohol exposure was associated with significant increases in connectivity between somatosensory, motor networks, brainstem/thalamic, and striatal intrinsic networks. Reductions in interhemispheric connectivity of motor and somatosensory networks did not reach significance. CONCLUSIONS: Although results are preliminary, findings suggest PAE may disrupt the temporal coherence in blood oxygenation utilization in intrinsic networks underlying motor performance in newborn infants. Studies that employ longitudinal designs to investigate the effects of in utero alcohol exposure on the evolving resting-state networks will be key in establishing the distribution and timing of connectivity disturbances already described in older children.
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