Ki-Choon Choi1, Seong-Wan Cho2, Sung-Ho Kook3, Sa-Ra Chun4, Govinda Bhattarai5, Sher Bahadur Poudel6, Min-Kook Kim7, Kyung-Yeol Lee8, Jeong-Chae Lee9. 1. Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-801, South Korea. Electronic address: choiwh@korea.kr. 2. Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Konyang University, Nonsan 320-711, South Korea. Electronic address: swcho@konyang.ac.kr. 3. Research Center of Bioactive Materials and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea; Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea. Electronic address: kooksh@jbnu.ac.kr. 4. Research Center of Bioactive Materials and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea. Electronic address: tkfkcjs@naver.com. 5. Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea. Electronic address: govinda@jbnu.ac.kr. 6. Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea. Electronic address: poudelsb@jbnu.ac.kr. 7. Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea. Electronic address: dark-nebula@naver.com. 8. Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea. Electronic address: kyleecnu@jbnu.ac.kr. 9. Research Center of Bioactive Materials and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea; Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea. Electronic address: leejc88@jbnu.ac.kr.
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Water extract of Raphanus sativus L. (RSL) seeds was traditionally used to treat digestive inflammatory complaints in Korean culture. RSL seeds exerted antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-septic functions, suggesting their pharmacological potential for the treatment of inflammatory pathologies associated with oxidative stress such as inflammatory bowel disease. AIM OF THIS STUDY: We evaluated the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of RSL seed water extract (RWE) in experimental rat models of trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS)- or dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RWE was characterized by determining the content of sinapic acid as a reference material and then assayed in the DSS and TNBS models of rat colitis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 10 groups (n=7/group): non-colitic control, DSS or TNBS control, DSS colitis groups treated with RWE (100mg/kg) or mesalazine (25mg/kg), and TNBS colitis groups treated with various doses (10, 40, 70, and 100mg/kg) of RWE or mesalazine (25mg/kg). RWE or mesalazine treatment started the same day of colitis induction and rats were sacrificed 24h after the last treatment followed by histological and biochemical analyses. RESULTS: Oral administration with RWE suppressed intestinal inflammatory damages in both DSS- and TNBS-induced colitic rats. The treatment with 100mg/kg RWE recovered intestinal damages caused by TNBS or DSS to levels similar to that of mesalazine, decreasing the activity of myeloperoxidase activity and the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β. RWE treatment inhibited malondialdehyde production and glutathione reduction in colon of colitis rats. The administration of RWE at dose of 100mg/kg also suppressed the TNBS- or DSS-stimulated expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, inducible nitric oxide, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Furthermore, RWE inhibited p38 kinase and DNA-nuclear factor-κB binding activities, both of which were stimulated in the colitic rats. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings show that RWE ameliorates intestinal oxidative and inflammatory damages in DSS and TNBS models of rat colitis, suggesting its beneficial use for the treatment of intestinal inflammatory disorders.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Water extract of Raphanus sativus L. (RSL) seeds was traditionally used to treat digestive inflammatory complaints in Korean culture. RSL seeds exerted antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-septic functions, suggesting their pharmacological potential for the treatment of inflammatory pathologies associated with oxidative stress such as inflammatory bowel disease. AIM OF THIS STUDY: We evaluated the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of RSL seed water extract (RWE) in experimental rat models of trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS)- or dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RWE was characterized by determining the content of sinapic acid as a reference material and then assayed in the DSS and TNBS models of ratcolitis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 10 groups (n=7/group): non-colitic control, DSS or TNBS control, DSScolitis groups treated with RWE (100mg/kg) or mesalazine (25mg/kg), and TNBS colitis groups treated with various doses (10, 40, 70, and 100mg/kg) of RWE or mesalazine (25mg/kg). RWE or mesalazine treatment started the same day of colitis induction and rats were sacrificed 24h after the last treatment followed by histological and biochemical analyses. RESULTS: Oral administration with RWE suppressed intestinal inflammatory damages in both DSS- and TNBS-induced colitic rats. The treatment with 100mg/kg RWE recovered intestinal damages caused by TNBS or DSS to levels similar to that of mesalazine, decreasing the activity of myeloperoxidase activity and the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β. RWE treatment inhibited malondialdehyde production and glutathione reduction in colon of colitisrats. The administration of RWE at dose of 100mg/kg also suppressed the TNBS- or DSS-stimulated expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, inducible nitric oxide, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Furthermore, RWE inhibited p38 kinase and DNA-nuclear factor-κB binding activities, both of which were stimulated in the colitic rats. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings show that RWE ameliorates intestinal oxidative and inflammatory damages in DSS and TNBS models of ratcolitis, suggesting its beneficial use for the treatment of intestinal inflammatory disorders.