Oleg I Lyamin1,2,3, Jennifer L Lapierre4, Peter O Kosenko3,5, Tohru Kodama6, Adhil Bhagwandin6, Svetlana M Korneva3, John H Peever4, Lev M Mukhametov2,3, Jerome M Siegel1. 1. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA. 2. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Moscow, Russia. 3. Utrish Dolphinarium Ltd., Moscow, Russia. 4. Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 5. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia. 6. Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Our understanding of the role of neurotransmitters in the control of the electroencephalogram (EEG) has been entirely based on studies of animals with bilateral sleep. The study of animals with unihemispheric sleep presents the opportunity of separating the neurochemical substrates of waking and sleep EEG from the systemic, bilateral correlates of sleep and waking states. METHODS: The release of histamine (HI), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5HT) in cortical and subcortical areas (hypothalamus, thalamus and caudate nucleus) was measured in unrestrained northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) using in vivo microdialysis, in combination with, polygraphic recording of EEG, electrooculogram, and neck electromyogram. RESULTS: The pattern of cortical and subcortical HI, NE, and 5HT release in fur seals is similar during bilaterally symmetrical states: highest in active waking, reduced in quiet waking and bilateral slow wave sleep, and lowest in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Cortical and subcortical HI, NE, and 5HT release in seals is highly elevated during certain waking stimuli and behaviors, such as being sprayed with water and feeding. However, in contrast to acetylcholine (ACh), which we have previously studied, the release of HI, NE, and 5HT during unihemispheric sleep is not lateralized in the fur seal. CONCLUSIONS: Among the studied neurotransmitters most strongly implicated in waking control, only ACh release is asymmetric in unihemispheric sleep and waking, being greatly increased on the activated side of the brain. COMMENTARY: A commentary on this article appears in this issue on page 491.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Our understanding of the role of neurotransmitters in the control of the electroencephalogram (EEG) has been entirely based on studies of animals with bilateral sleep. The study of animals with unihemispheric sleep presents the opportunity of separating the neurochemical substrates of waking and sleep EEG from the systemic, bilateral correlates of sleep and waking states. METHODS: The release of histamine (HI), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5HT) in cortical and subcortical areas (hypothalamus, thalamus and caudate nucleus) was measured in unrestrained northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) using in vivo microdialysis, in combination with, polygraphic recording of EEG, electrooculogram, and neck electromyogram. RESULTS: The pattern of cortical and subcortical HI, NE, and 5HT release in fur seals is similar during bilaterally symmetrical states: highest in active waking, reduced in quiet waking and bilateral slow wave sleep, and lowest in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Cortical and subcortical HI, NE, and 5HT release in seals is highly elevated during certain waking stimuli and behaviors, such as being sprayed with water and feeding. However, in contrast to acetylcholine (ACh), which we have previously studied, the release of HI, NE, and 5HT during unihemispheric sleep is not lateralized in the fur seal. CONCLUSIONS: Among the studied neurotransmitters most strongly implicated in waking control, only ACh release is asymmetric in unihemispheric sleep and waking, being greatly increased on the activated side of the brain. COMMENTARY: A commentary on this article appears in this issue on page 491.
Authors: Patrick M Fuller; Patrick Fuller; David Sherman; Nigel P Pedersen; Clifford B Saper; Jun Lu Journal: J Comp Neurol Date: 2011-04-01 Impact factor: 3.215
Authors: Oleg I Lyamin; Peter O Kosenko; Jennifer L Lapierre; Lev M Mukhametov; Jerome M Siegel Journal: J Neurosci Date: 2008-11-26 Impact factor: 6.167
Authors: Jennifer L Lapierre; Peter O Kosenko; Oleg I Lyamin; Tohru Kodama; Lev M Mukhametov; Jerome M Siegel Journal: J Neurosci Date: 2007-10-31 Impact factor: 6.167
Authors: Niels C Rattenborg; Bryson Voirin; Sebastian M Cruz; Ryan Tisdale; Giacomo Dell'Omo; Hans-Peter Lipp; Martin Wikelski; Alexei L Vyssotski Journal: Nat Commun Date: 2016-08-03 Impact factor: 14.919
Authors: Jessica M Kendall-Bar; Alexei L Vyssotski; Lev M Mukhametov; Jerome M Siegel; Oleg I Lyamin Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-05-22 Impact factor: 3.240