Sumiyoshi Arai1, Yuko Okamoto2, Toru Fujioka3, Keisuke Inohara4, Makoto Ishitobi5, Yukiko Matsumura6, Minyoung Jung2, Kaori Kawamura7, Shinichiro Takiguchi8, Akemi Tomoda9, Yuji Wada6, Michio Hiratani7, Naomi Matsuura10, Hirotaka Kosaka11. 1. Developmental Emotional Intelligence, Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, Department of Child Development United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Japan. 2. Developmental Emotional Intelligence, Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, Department of Child Development United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Japan. 3. Department Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Japan; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui, Japan. 4. Department Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Japan; Department of Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Japan. 5. Department Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Japan; Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan. 6. Department Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Japan. 7. Hiratani Clinic for Developmental Disorders of Children, Japan. 8. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui, Japan; Advanced Biomedical Sciences Course, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Japan. 9. Developmental Emotional Intelligence, Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, Department of Child Development United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Japan; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui, Japan. 10. Tokyo University of Social Welfare, Japan. 11. Developmental Emotional Intelligence, Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, Department of Child Development United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Japan; Department Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Japan; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui, Japan. Electronic address: hirotaka@u-fukui.ac.jp.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Spatial working memory (SWM) dysfunction is a feature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous studies suggested that behavioral performance in self-generated SWM improves through development in children with and without ADHD. Nevertheless, developmental changes in the neural underpinnings of self-generated SWM are unknown. METHOD: Using near-infrared spectroscopy, hemodynamic activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was measured in 30 children with ADHD (9.5 ± 1.6 years-old) and 35 TD children (9.0 ± 1.6 years-old) while they performed a self-generated SWM task. We then investigated correlations between age and behavioral performance, and between age and hemodynamic activity in the PFC for each group. RESULTS: Both groups showed a negative correlation with age and number of errors [ADHD: r(28)=-0.37, p=0.040; TD: r(33)=-0.59, p<0.001], indicating that self-generated SWM improves through development. The TD group showed a positive correlation between age and oxygenated hemoglobin in the frontal pole [10ch: r(33)=0.41, p=0.013; 11ch; r(33)=0.44, p=0.008] and bilateral lateral PFC [4ch: r(33)=0.34, p=0.049; 13ch; r(33)=0.54, p=0.001], while no significant correlation was found in the ADHD group. Furthermore, regression slopes for the frontal pole significantly differed between the TD and ADHD groups [10ch: t(61)=2.35, p=0.021; 11ch: t(61)=2.05, p=0.044]. CONCLUSION: Children with ADHD showed abnormalities in functional maturation of the frontal pole, which plays a role in manipulating and maintaining information associated with self-generated behavior.
BACKGROUND: Spatial working memory (SWM) dysfunction is a feature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous studies suggested that behavioral performance in self-generated SWM improves through development in children with and without ADHD. Nevertheless, developmental changes in the neural underpinnings of self-generated SWM are unknown. METHOD: Using near-infrared spectroscopy, hemodynamic activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was measured in 30 children with ADHD (9.5 ± 1.6 years-old) and 35 TD children (9.0 ± 1.6 years-old) while they performed a self-generated SWM task. We then investigated correlations between age and behavioral performance, and between age and hemodynamic activity in the PFC for each group. RESULTS: Both groups showed a negative correlation with age and number of errors [ADHD: r(28)=-0.37, p=0.040; TD: r(33)=-0.59, p<0.001], indicating that self-generated SWM improves through development. The TD group showed a positive correlation between age and oxygenated hemoglobin in the frontal pole [10ch: r(33)=0.41, p=0.013; 11ch; r(33)=0.44, p=0.008] and bilateral lateral PFC [4ch: r(33)=0.34, p=0.049; 13ch; r(33)=0.54, p=0.001], while no significant correlation was found in the ADHD group. Furthermore, regression slopes for the frontal pole significantly differed between the TD and ADHD groups [10ch: t(61)=2.35, p=0.021; 11ch: t(61)=2.05, p=0.044]. CONCLUSION:Children with ADHD showed abnormalities in functional maturation of the frontal pole, which plays a role in manipulating and maintaining information associated with self-generated behavior.
Authors: Lydia Oikonomidis; Andrea M Santangelo; Yoshiro Shiba; F Hannah Clarke; Trevor W Robbins; Angela C Roberts Journal: Dev Neurobiol Date: 2017-03 Impact factor: 3.964