Christopher Kingswood1, Patrick Bolton2, Pamela Crawford3, Christopher Harland4, Simon R Johnson5, Julian R Sampson6, Charles Shepherd7, Jayne Spink8, Dirk Demuth9, Lara Lucchese9, Paola Nasuti9, Elizabeth Gray10, Alun Pinnegar10, Matthew Magestro11. 1. The Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK. Electronic address: chriskingswood@me.com. 2. Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK. 3. York Hospital, York, UK. 4. Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK. 5. Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK. 6. Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK. 7. Nobles Hospital, Isle of Man, UK. 8. Tuberous Sclerosis Association, London, UK. 9. IMS Health, London, UK. 10. Novartis Pharmaceuticals, UK Ltd, Frimley, UK. 11. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover NJ, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a multi-system genetic disorder characterised by the development of benign growths and diverse clinical manifestations, varying in severity, age at onset and with high clinical burden. AIMS: This longitudinal study aims to describe the broad spectrum of clinical manifestation profiles in a large, representative cohort of TSC patients in the UK in order to better understand disease complexity. METHODS: TSC patients in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and linked Hospital Episodes Statistics (CPRD-HES) were retrospectively identified between 1987 and 2013. Available history was extracted for each patient and clinical diagnosis, procedure and medication records reviewed. A random selection of patients from the CPRD-HES was used as a Comparator cohort. RESULTS: Three hundred and thirty-four TSC patients with a mean (SD) age of 30.3 (18.6) years were identified (53% female). TSC was diagnosed at mean age 3.2 (4.2) years. Epilepsy and psychiatric manifestations were reported frequently in paediatric (77% and 55%, respectively) and adult patients (66% and 68%, respectively). The prevalence of manifestations in the TSC cohort was markedly higher versus the Comparator cohort. The majority of paediatric (46%) and adult TSC patients (62%) developed clinical manifestations affecting at least three organ systems and forty-nine distinctive organ system manifestation profiles were identified. CONCLUSIONS: TSC patients present with multiple and complex clinical manifestations and profiles that necessitate the co-ordinated action of a multidisciplinary team in order to improve the quality and efficiency of care.
BACKGROUND:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a multi-system genetic disorder characterised by the development of benign growths and diverse clinical manifestations, varying in severity, age at onset and with high clinical burden. AIMS: This longitudinal study aims to describe the broad spectrum of clinical manifestation profiles in a large, representative cohort of TSC patients in the UK in order to better understand disease complexity. METHODS: TSC patients in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and linked Hospital Episodes Statistics (CPRD-HES) were retrospectively identified between 1987 and 2013. Available history was extracted for each patient and clinical diagnosis, procedure and medication records reviewed. A random selection of patients from the CPRD-HES was used as a Comparator cohort. RESULTS: Three hundred and thirty-four TSC patients with a mean (SD) age of 30.3 (18.6) years were identified (53% female). TSC was diagnosed at mean age 3.2 (4.2) years. Epilepsy and psychiatric manifestations were reported frequently in paediatric (77% and 55%, respectively) and adult patients (66% and 68%, respectively). The prevalence of manifestations in the TSC cohort was markedly higher versus the Comparator cohort. The majority of paediatric (46%) and adult TSC patients (62%) developed clinical manifestations affecting at least three organ systems and forty-nine distinctive organ system manifestation profiles were identified. CONCLUSIONS: TSC patients present with multiple and complex clinical manifestations and profiles that necessitate the co-ordinated action of a multidisciplinary team in order to improve the quality and efficiency of care.
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