Yuhei Hatakenaka1, Haruko Kotani2, Kahoko Yasumitsu-Lovell3, Keita Suzuki4, Elisabeth Fernell5, Christopher Gillberg5. 1. Kochi Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Kochi, Japan; Kochi Prefectural Medical and Welfare Centre, Kochi, Japan. Electronic address: yuuhei_hatakenaka@ken3.pref.kochi.lg.jp. 2. Kochi Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Kochi, Japan; Kochi Prefectural Medical and Welfare Centre, Kochi, Japan. 3. Kochi Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Kochi, Japan; Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan. 4. Kochi Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Kochi, Japan; Kochi University Faculty of Education, Kochi, Japan. 5. Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Abnormalities of early motor development have been reported in autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual developmental disorder, developmental coordination disorder, and other Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations (ESSENCE). However, few studies have been conducted with a view to following up a clinically representative cohort of children coming for assessment of motor delay before age two years. We performed a prospective clinical cohort study to examine whether or not early motor delay is often an indication of ESSENCE. METHODS: The sample comprised a one-year cohort of all children who came to a Japanese neurodevelopmental center before their second birthday because of delayed or abnormal gross motor development. The children were followed up from the ESSENCE viewpoint. RESULTS: Of the 30 children, 28 (18 boys and 10 girls) (93%) were given diagnoses subsumed under the ESSENCE umbrella. Of the 15 children with an identified or strongly suspected etiology, 13 (8 boys and 5 girls) (87%) had ESSENCE disorders or symptoms. Of the 15 children without a known etiology, all had ESSENCE disorders or symptoms. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that the vast majority of children with motor delay or abnormality in the first two years of life meet criteria for a disorder within the group of ESSENCE at follow-up; this means that young children, presenting with motor problems always need a broad clinical assessment, not just related to motor function, and systematic follow-up.
BACKGROUND: Abnormalities of early motor development have been reported in autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual developmental disorder, developmental coordination disorder, and other Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations (ESSENCE). However, few studies have been conducted with a view to following up a clinically representative cohort of children coming for assessment of motor delay before age two years. We performed a prospective clinical cohort study to examine whether or not early motor delay is often an indication of ESSENCE. METHODS: The sample comprised a one-year cohort of all children who came to a Japanese neurodevelopmental center before their second birthday because of delayed or abnormal gross motor development. The children were followed up from the ESSENCE viewpoint. RESULTS: Of the 30 children, 28 (18 boys and 10 girls) (93%) were given diagnoses subsumed under the ESSENCE umbrella. Of the 15 children with an identified or strongly suspected etiology, 13 (8 boys and 5 girls) (87%) had ESSENCE disorders or symptoms. Of the 15 children without a known etiology, all had ESSENCE disorders or symptoms. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that the vast majority of children with motor delay or abnormality in the first two years of life meet criteria for a disorder within the group of ESSENCE at follow-up; this means that young children, presenting with motor problems always need a broad clinical assessment, not just related to motor function, and systematic follow-up.
Authors: Lindsay Millar; Alex McConnachie; Helen Minnis; Philip Wilson; Lucy Thompson; Anna Anzulewicz; Krzysztof Sobota; Philip Rowe; Christopher Gillberg; Jonathan Delafield-Butt Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2019-07-16 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: Kine Johansen; Kristina Persson; Karin Sonnander; Margaretha Magnusson; Anna Sarkadi; Steven Lucas Journal: PLoS One Date: 2017-07-19 Impact factor: 3.240