Yariv Gerber1, Susan A Weston1, Maurice Enriquez-Sarano1, Cecilia Berardi1, Alanna M Chamberlain1, Sheila M Manemann1, Ruoxiang Jiang1, Shannon M Dunlay1, Véronique L Roger2. 1. From the Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology (Y.G., S.A.W., C.B., A.M.C., S.M.M., R.J., V.L.R.) and Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (M.E.-S., S.M.D., V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (C.B.); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Y.G.). 2. From the Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology (Y.G., S.A.W., C.B., A.M.C., S.M.M., R.J., V.L.R.) and Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (M.E.-S., S.M.D., V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (C.B.); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Y.G.). roger.veronique@mayo.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Contemporary data are lacking on the prognostic importance of heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI). We evaluated the prognostic impact of HF post MI according to preserved/reduced ejection fraction and the timing of its occurrence. METHODS AND RESULTS: All Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents (n=2596) with incident MI diagnosed in 1990 to 2010 and no prior HF were followed through March 2013. Cox models were used to examine (1) the hazard ratios for death associated with HF type and timing and (2) secular trends in survival by HF status. During a mean follow-up of 7.6 years, there were 1116 deaths, 634 in the 902 patients who developed HF (70%) and 482 in the 1694 patients who did not develop HF (28%). After adjustment for age and sex, HF as a time-dependent variable was strongly associated with mortality (hazard ratio =3.31, 95% confidence interval: 2.93-3.75), particularly from cardiovascular causes (hazard ratio =4.20, 95% confidence interval: 3.50-5.03). Further adjustment for MI severity and comorbidity, acute treatment, and recurrent MI moderately attenuated these associations (hazard ratio =2.49 and 2.94 for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively). Mortality did not differ by ejection fraction, but was higher for delayed- versus early-onset HF (P for heterogeneity =0.002). The age- and sex-adjusted 5-year survival estimates in 2001 to 2010 versus 1990 to 2000 were 82% and 81% among HF-free and 61% and 54% among HF patients, respectively (P for heterogeneity of trends =0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HF markedly increases the risk of death after MI. This excess risk is similar regardless of ejection fraction but greater for delayed- versus early-onset HF. Mortality after MI declined over time, primarily as a result of improved HF survival.
BACKGROUND: Contemporary data are lacking on the prognostic importance of heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI). We evaluated the prognostic impact of HF post MI according to preserved/reduced ejection fraction and the timing of its occurrence. METHODS AND RESULTS: All Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents (n=2596) with incident MI diagnosed in 1990 to 2010 and no prior HF were followed through March 2013. Cox models were used to examine (1) the hazard ratios for death associated with HF type and timing and (2) secular trends in survival by HF status. During a mean follow-up of 7.6 years, there were 1116 deaths, 634 in the 902 patients who developed HF (70%) and 482 in the 1694 patients who did not develop HF (28%). After adjustment for age and sex, HF as a time-dependent variable was strongly associated with mortality (hazard ratio =3.31, 95% confidence interval: 2.93-3.75), particularly from cardiovascular causes (hazard ratio =4.20, 95% confidence interval: 3.50-5.03). Further adjustment for MI severity and comorbidity, acute treatment, and recurrent MI moderately attenuated these associations (hazard ratio =2.49 and 2.94 for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively). Mortality did not differ by ejection fraction, but was higher for delayed- versus early-onset HF (P for heterogeneity =0.002). The age- and sex-adjusted 5-year survival estimates in 2001 to 2010 versus 1990 to 2000 were 82% and 81% among HF-free and 61% and 54% among HF patients, respectively (P for heterogeneity of trends =0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HF markedly increases the risk of death after MI. This excess risk is similar regardless of ejection fraction but greater for delayed- versus early-onset HF. Mortality after MI declined over time, primarily as a result of improved HF survival.
Authors: Padma Kaul; Justin A Ezekowitz; Paul W Armstrong; Becky K Leung; Anamaria Savu; Robert C Welsh; Hude Quan; Merril L Knudtson; Finlay A McAlister Journal: Am Heart J Date: 2013-01-22 Impact factor: 4.749
Authors: Véronique L Roger; Susan A Weston; Yariv Gerber; Jill M Killian; Shannon M Dunlay; Allan S Jaffe; Malcolm R Bell; Jan Kors; Barbara P Yawn; Steven J Jacobsen Journal: Circulation Date: 2010-02-08 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Jennifer L St Sauver; Brandon R Grossardt; Barbara P Yawn; L Joseph Melton; Walter A Rocca Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2011-03-23 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Eldrin F Lewis; Lemuel A Moye; Jean L Rouleau; Frank M Sacks; J Malcolm O Arnold; J Wayne Warnica; Greg C Flaker; Eugene Braunwald; Marc A Pfeffer Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 2003-10-15 Impact factor: 24.094
Authors: Emelia J Benjamin; Michael J Blaha; Stephanie E Chiuve; Mary Cushman; Sandeep R Das; Rajat Deo; Sarah D de Ferranti; James Floyd; Myriam Fornage; Cathleen Gillespie; Carmen R Isasi; Monik C Jiménez; Lori Chaffin Jordan; Suzanne E Judd; Daniel Lackland; Judith H Lichtman; Lynda Lisabeth; Simin Liu; Chris T Longenecker; Rachel H Mackey; Kunihiro Matsushita; Dariush Mozaffarian; Michael E Mussolino; Khurram Nasir; Robert W Neumar; Latha Palaniappan; Dilip K Pandey; Ravi R Thiagarajan; Mathew J Reeves; Matthew Ritchey; Carlos J Rodriguez; Gregory A Roth; Wayne D Rosamond; Comilla Sasson; Amytis Towfighi; Connie W Tsao; Melanie B Turner; Salim S Virani; Jenifer H Voeks; Joshua Z Willey; John T Wilkins; Jason Hy Wu; Heather M Alger; Sally S Wong; Paul Muntner Journal: Circulation Date: 2017-01-25 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Yejin Mok; Yingying Sang; Shoshana H Ballew; Ron C Hoogeveen; Christie M Ballantyne; Wayne Rosamond; Josef Coresh; Elizabeth Selvin; Kunihiro Matsushita Journal: Am Heart J Date: 2019-07-13 Impact factor: 4.749
Authors: Matteo Fabbri; Kathleen Yost; Lila J Finney Rutten; Sheila M Manemann; Cynthia M Boyd; Daniel Jensen; Susan A Weston; Ruoxiang Jiang; Véronique L Roger Journal: Mayo Clin Proc Date: 2017-12-06 Impact factor: 7.616