Design and demonstration of phase gratings for 2D single grating interferometer.

In this study, we examined five types of phase gratings in a two-dimensional (2D) single grating interferometer with multidot metal targets embedded in a diamond substrate. For a phase grating consisting of two stacked 1D π/2-phase gratings and a checkerboard π-phase grating the multidot-pattern self-images with high visibility (40%) were obtained as expected from simulations. In addition to an absorption image, differential phase contrast and dark-field images in both x and y directions were derived from a single image. We also examined face-centered-square multidot metal targets, which doubled the x-ray intensity, and obtained differential phase contrast images in both x and y directions.