Birds from the Azores: An updated list with some comments on species distribution.

BACKGROUND: An updated checklist of the Birds of the Azores is presented based on information compiled from Rodrigues et al. (2010) and from the websites, Azores Bird Club. (2014), Aves dos Açores (2014) Azores Bird Sightings (2014) and Vittery (2014), since 2010. NEW INFORMATION: The checklist has a total of 414 species, including 38 new species. Almost half of the species and subspecies that occur in the Azores have a Palearctic origin, the remaining ones being essentialy Nearctic and Holarctic species. São Miguel is the island with the highest number of bird species, followed by Terceira, Corvo and Flores islands.

Introduction

Birds (: ) are some of the most iconic animals. They play important roles in the ecosystem, and since they are abundant and diverse in most urban and rural areas, humans have established a good long-lasting relationship with them (e.g., birdwatching, photography). However, amongst the ca 10.000 bird species which have been living on Earth since the appearance of modern humans, many species were regionally lost or extinct, or are endangered, especially on islands (Sax et al. 2002, Elphick et al. 2010, Rando et al. 2013, Alcover et al. 2015). Updating a list of birds from remote oceanic islands represents an important step towards an improved knowledge of colonization mechanisms and migratory patterns by animals and a contribution towards the conservation and management of insular taxa and their natural habitats.

The Azores Archipelago is located in the North Atlantic Ocean, between 36°55’ and 39°43’ N, and 24°46’ and 31°16’ W, about 1500 km from mainland Europe and 1900 km from North America (Fig. 1). The Azores is a volcanic oceanic archipelago consisting of nine islands and several islets of recent volcanic origin (0.25 to 8.12 My old), which are spread over >600 km along a northwest-southeast transect (França et al. 2003). The oceanic distribution of these islands and, as a consequence, their relative positions, has led to the formation of the following groups: (i), a western group, comprising the islands of Flores and Corvo; (ii), a central group, with the islands of Faial, Pico, São Jorge, Terceira and Graciosa and (iii), an eastern group, made up of the islands of São Miguel and Santa Maria.

Figure 1.

Map of Azores islands, Portugal (Modified from Amorim 2005).

Due to its remoteness, the Azores archipelago was discovered and humans settled only at the beginning of the fifteenth century. The settlers described the islands as covered by dense native vegetation, with countless birds, especially seabirds (Frutuoso 2005a, Frutuoso 2005b, Frutuoso 2005c). Until then the archipelago was definitely a bird paradise, not only for seabirds that could use the vast coastal cliffs of the islands and islets to breed, but also for terrestrial birds which were widespread in the lush Azorean forests (Rodrigues and Cunha 2012). After human colonization started in 1439, several bird species suffered a sudden decrease in population size due to their use as food and oil source for human consumption, as well as to the introduction of predators and the destruction of their habitat (Rodrigues et al. 2010). As a consequence of the human impact, six flightless bird species are confirmed to be extinct in the Azores, namely one species (Rando et al. 2013) and five species (Alcover et al. 2015), but recent findings indicate that many more will be described soon (Josep Alcover and Juan Rando, pers. comm.).

Despite the reduction of several bird populations, the Azores remain of great interest for ornithologists and are considered as one of the most popular destinations for European birdwatchers (Pereira 2010, Rodrigues and Michielsen 2010), all the more since they hold two endemic species: the Azores Bullfinch ( Godman, 1866) (Fig. 2), and Monteiro’s Storm Petrel ( Bolton et al. 2008) (Fig. 3), and 11 endemic subspecies. Besides, the Azores archipelago displays colonies of several seabird species of great importance in the European context, and it is also possible to observe pelagic birds and a large variety of migratory birds, some of which are very rare Nearctic vagrants to the western Palearctic (Rodrigues and Michielsen 2010, Barreiros et al. 2014).

Figure 2.

Azores Bullfinch ( Godman, 1866). Photo by PAV Borges (2008).

Figure 3.

Monteiro’s Storm Petrel ( Bolton et al., 2008). Photo by PH Silva (2014).

Rodrigues and Cunha (2011) resumed the ornithological history of the Azores, from the beginning of human settlement until recently, and the latest checklist of birds from the Azores archipelago was published in 2010 by Rodrigues et al., as part of the complete list of Azorean biota published by Borges et al. (2010). This list was based on an exhaustive review of the published literature (e.g., Le Grand 1993, Monteiro et al. 1996, Monteiro et al. 1999, Elias et al. 2003, Elias et al. 2004, Elias et al. 2005, Elias et al. 2006, Bried et al. 2007, Jara et al. 2007, Jara et al. 2008, Bolton et al. 2008, Imber 2008, Vittery 2014) but also on unpublished data following Rodebrand (2010) and Rodebrand S. & The Birding Azores Team (2010). This checklist totalled 384 species, distributed between three categories: breeding, non-breeding and potentially breeding (species reported as introduced and/or escapes from captivity and for which suitable nesting conditions exist in the Azores, but whose numbers are insufficient to allow the maintenance of self-sustaining populations in this archipelago). During the last years, and due to the growing interest of birdwatchers in the Azores avifauna, several dedicated websites have been developed, such as ABC – Azores Bird Club. (2014) (formerly Birding Azores) (http://www.birdingazores.com/), AdA – Aves dos Açores (2014) (http://azores.avesdeportugal.info/) and ABS – Azores Bird Sightings (2014) (http://azoresbs.weebly.com/ from January 2012 to February 2014 and http://azoresbirdsightings.blogspot.co.uk/ from August 2014 onward). These websites are presently used by birdwatchers as a tool to register new information about species occurrence and distribution in the Azores.

The present paper updates the previous checklist (Rodrigues et al. 2010), with respect to species distribution within the archipelago and also by including new species to the archipelago. The updating is based on the sightings reports available on the websites mentioned above. We also perform a nomenclatural review of the Orders, Families, Species and Subspecies, following the 2014 IOC World Bird list (v 4.3) (Gill and Donsker 2015) published by the International Ornithologists’ Union (available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/). Some additional notes on the distribution of the different species among the islands and their biogeographic origin are presented.

Materials and methods

Based on Rodrigues et al. (2010), we completed a full taxonomic revision using the IOC Bird list (Gill and Donsker 2015) as a reference to identify the changes which occurred in the taxonomic hierarchy and synonymies. Then, we updated the list of the species recorded in the Azores archipelago until the end of 2014, as well as their distribution within the archipelago. The species newly reported for the Azores are signalled as NSR (New Species Record). Most of these NSRs were reported after 2010, but there are also a few missing records prior to this date. The species previously reported by Rodrigues et al. (2010), but whose distribution has changed since then, are signalled with an asterisk (*). All the new information about species occurrence and distribution was compiled based on the birdwatching websites mentioned earlier, and relies on a large number of birdwatcher contributions.

In order to make the data easier to consult, the main checklist (Checklist 1) includes all the breeding and non-breeding species together, including the escapes and/or introduced species which already have feral populations in the Azores. All the other escapes and/or introduced species were excluded from the main list, and can be consulted in Checklist 2.

We considered the species with five our less records, in Azores, as Rare Species. This species are presented in a table (Suppl. material 3) with the number of sightings, number of individual recorded, and some notes.

Besides the taxonomical information and the distribution among the Azorean islands (Fig. 4), we include information on: i) biogeographical origin, based on (Lomolino et al. 2010); ii) breeding status; iii) islands where breeding has been documented and iv) current protection status of the species according to the Azorean Decree DLR n.° 15/2012/A Governo dos Açores (2012) from 2nd April 2012, which transposes the European Directives (Birds), Conventions (Bern and OSPAR), Agreements (AEWA) and specific regional protection statuses (TOP100) to the regional legislation. The protection statuses are represented by a letter or code (corresponding to the directive, convention or law) and by a Roman numeral (corresponding to the annex) as follows: P – Priority species for conservation; A – Birds directive; B – Bern Convention; AEWA – African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement; O – OSPAR Convention; T100 – 100 prioritary threatened species for management purposes in the European biogeographical region of Macaronesia (Martín et al. 2008); (X) – New species disaggregated from Madeiran Storm-petrel (Harcourt, 1851) and which is known to breed only on Praia and Baixo islets (Graciosa Island).

Figure 4.

Global species richness on the nine Azorean islands (COR= Corvo; FLO = Flores; FAI = Faial; PIC = Pico; GRA =Graciosa; SJG = São Jorge; TER = Terceira; SMG = São Miguel; SMR = Santa Maria) (Suppl. material 1).

Checklists

List of the non-breeding and breeding species from Azores

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Ecological interactions

Native status

Nearctic

Distribution

COR; FLO; GRA; TER*; SMG

Notes

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Holarctic

Conservation status

A-IIA; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR*

Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Gmelin, 1789

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR*

Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Gmelin, 1789

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR*

Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Holarctic

A-IIA; AEWA

COR*; FLO; FAI; TER; SMG; SMR*

Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

A-IIA; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1766

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

A-IIA; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI*; PIC; SJG*; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Holarctic

A-IIA; AEWA

COR (Occasional Breeder); FLO (Occasional Breeder); FAI; PIC; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG (Occasional Breeder); SMR

Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

A-IIA; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Brewster, 1902

Nearctic

COR; FLO (Occasional Breeder); TER; SMG

Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Holarctic

A-IIA; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; TER; SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Scopoli, 1769)

Holarctic

PIC*; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR; TER*; SMG; SMR

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Baillon, 1834

Palearctic

FLO; PIC*; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Latham, 1787)

Palearctic

COR; TER

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Eyton, 1838)

Nearctic

FLO; FAI; PIC*; TER; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Donovan, 1809)

Nearctic

A

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR; FLO; TER; SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG*; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1761)

Holarctic

COR; FLO; FAI*; PIC*; SJG*; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Güldenstädt, 1770)

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Müller, 1776)

Holarctic

COR; FLO; TER; SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

COR*; FAI*; PIC*; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Bechstein, 1803)

Palearctic

COR*; FLO; SJG; SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

PIC; GRA; TER

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

COR*; SJG; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

TER; SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

FAI*; PIC*; SJG*; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Gmelin, 1789)

Palearctic

FAI; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Vieillot, 1816)

Afro-tropical

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

FLO; FAI; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

FLO; FAI; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Holarctic

GRA; TER*

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Holarctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Gmelin, 1789)

Nearctic

FLO; TER

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

COR; SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Pallas, 1764)

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

FLO; TER*; SMG

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Seoane, 1894)

Palearctic

A-IIA

PIC (Breeder); GRA*; TER (Breeder); SMG*; SMR (Breeder)

Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Hartert, 1917

Palearctic

A-IIB

COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

SMR

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Brünnich, 1764)

Holarctic

COR*; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Pontoppidan, 1763)

Holarctic

GRA; SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Temminck, 1828)

Sub-Antarctic

FAI; PIC

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Jardine & Selby, 1828)

Pantropical

P; A-I; B-II; T100

FLO*; FAI*; PIC*; GRA*; SMG*; SMR (Breeder)

Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Cory, 1881)

Palearctic

P; A-I; B-II; T100

COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1761)

Holarctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA*; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Giglioli & Salvadori, 1868)

Pantropical

COR; FLO*; FAI; PIC; GRA*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Nichols & Mowbray, 1916)

Nearctic

SMR

Occasional and Non-Breeding. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Mathews, 1934

Palearctic

GRA

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Mathews, 1934) (Salvadori, 1899)

Palearctic

P; A-I; B-II

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Kuhl, 1820)

Nearctic

FAI*; PIC; GRA

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Mathews, 1934

Palearctic

GRA

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Schlegel, 1863)

Pantropical

FAI

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Bonaparte, 1857)

Palearctic

P; A-I; B-II; O; T100

COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER*; SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Macaronesian Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(O'Reilly, 1818)

Southern Atlantic

A

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Gmelin, 1789)

Southern hemisphere

A

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Lowe, 1921

Palearctic

FLO; FAI; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Brünnich, 1764)

Holarctic

P; A; B-II

COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI*; PIC*; GRA*; SJG*; TER*; SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Kuhl, 1820)

Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic

COR*; FLO; FAI*; PIC; GRA*; TER*; SMG; SMR*

Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Harcourt, 1851)

Pantropical

P; A-I; T100

COR*; GRA (Breeder); SJG*; SMG*; SMR (Breeder)

Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Vieillot, 1818)

Holarctic

COR*; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Swinhoe, 1867)

Sub-tropical Pacific

GRA

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Bolton et al., 2008

Palearctic

P; A-I (x)

COR*; GRA (Breeder); SJG*

Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Latham, 1790)

Palearctic

A

FLO; FAI*; PIC; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

FLO; TER; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Boddaert, 1783)

Holarctic

FAI

Occasional Wintering. New Azores Record

Brehm, 1831

Holarctic

FAI; TER; SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Pallas, 1764)

Palearctic

FLO; TER*; SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Pallas, 1811

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Peters, 1930

Pantropical

A; AEWA

FAI; PIC; GRA (Occasional Breeder); SMG*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Daudin, 1802

Pantropical

COR*; FLO; FAI*; SJG*; TER*; SMG*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

PIC*; TER

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

COR; FLO; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Holarctic

COR*; FLO*; FAI*; PIC*; GRA*; SJG*; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Gmelin, 1789

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

A; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1766

Palearctic

COR*; PIC*; TER; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Scopoli, 1769)

Palearctic

COR*; FAI*; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Rackett, 1813)

Nearctic

COR*; FLO; PIC*; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

A; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

FLO; PIC; SJG; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

FLO; PIC; GRA*; SJG; SMG*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Palearctic

P; A-I; B-II; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Bosc, 1792)

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Molina, 1782)

Nearctic

FLO; FAI; PIC*; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Müller, 1776)

Nearctic

PIC; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Gmelin, 1789)

Nearctic

TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Palearctic

FLO; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

COR; PIC; TER; SMR

Occasional Wintering. New Azores Record

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Mathews, 1914

Sub-tropical and Tropical Atlantic; Tropical-eastern Pacific

COR*; FLO*; PIC*; TER*; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Lesson, 1831

Pantropical

FAI; GRA*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Boddaert, 1783)

Pantropical

GRA*; SMG

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Lesson, 1831)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA*; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

COR; PIC*; GRA*; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

COR*; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Swann, 1919)

Palearctic

P; A; B-II; T100

COR; FLO; FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

GRA; TER

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Pontoppidan, 1763)

Holarctic

COR; FAI; PIC*; GRA*; TER

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Nearctic

COR*; FLO; TER*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

FLO; TER; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Palearctic

COR; FLO; PIC*; TER; SMR

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

TER

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

FLO; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Boddaert, 1783)

Palearctic

GRA; SMR

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR; FAI; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Gmelin, 1789

Nearctic

FLO; FAI*; PIC; GRA*; TER; SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

A-IIA; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR

Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

A-IIB; AEWA

COR*; FLO (Breeder); FAI*; PIC*; GRA*; SJG*; TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Thomson, 1842

Palearctic

GRA*; TER*; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Nearctic

FLO; FAI*; GRA*; SMG

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

FLO*; SJG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Scopoli, 1769)

Palearctic

FAI; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Palearctic

COR; FLO*; PIC*; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Pallas, 1776)

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

FLO

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

FAI; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

PIC; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

P; A-I; B-II; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Pallas, 1773

Palearctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Scopoli, 1786

Palearctic

A; B-II; AEWA

COR; FLO; TER; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Holarctic

A; B-II; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

COR; FAI; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Bonaparte, 1825

Nearctic

A

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC*; TER; SMG; SMR* (Occasional Breeder)

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR*; FLO; FAI; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Müller, 1776)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Gmelin, 1789)

Holarctic

TER; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

A-IIB; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

A-IIB; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

A; B-II; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Bechstein, 1812)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Horsfield, 1821)

Nearctic

TER

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Pallas, 1764)

Holarctic

A; B-II; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

P; A-I; B-II; AEWA

FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Coues, 1861)

Holarctic

FLO*; SJG; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

A-IIB; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Pontoppidan, 1763)

Palearctic

A; B-II; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Vieillot, 1819)

Nearctic

A

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR*

Regular Migrante; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Bonaparte, 1826)

Nearctic

PIC; SJG*; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Brünnich, 1764)

Holarctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Cabanis, 1857)

Nearctic

COR*; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Vieillot, 1819)

Holarctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Leisler, 1812)

Palearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Vieillot, 1819)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR*

Regular Migrante; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Leisler, 1812)

Palearctic

TER; SMG*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Ord, 1825)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI*; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR*

Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

A-IIA; AEWA

COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA*; SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR*

Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Latham, 1787)

Palearctic

SMR

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Gmelin, 1789)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Say, 1822)

Nearctic

COR; TER; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

TER

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR; FLO*; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

A-IIB; AEWA

SJG; TER; SMG

Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Brünnich, 1764)

Palearctic

COR; FAI; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

FLO*; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Latham, 1790

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI*; PIC*; GRA; SJG*; TER; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

A-IIB; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Vieillot, 1817

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

TER*; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Vieillot, 1819)

Nearctic

COR; PIC; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

P; A-I;A-IIB; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

A-IIA; AEWA

COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA*; SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR*

Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Pallas, 1764)

Palearctic

FAI; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Gmelin, 1789)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR*

Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

FLO; PIC*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Gmelin, 1789)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; PIC; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Gunnerus, 1767)

Palearctic

A-IIB; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

FLO; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Gmelin, 1789)

Nearctic

SJG; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Wilson, 1813

Nearctic

COR*; FLO; GRA*; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Bechstein, 1803)

Palearctic

FLO; PIC*; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

FLO; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Vieillot, 1819)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Güldenstädt, 1775)

Holarctic

TER

Occasional Wintering. New Azores Record

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Pantropical

FLO

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

FLO; TER; SMG*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Gmelin, 1789)

Nearctic

COR; TER; SMG*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Pallas, 1811)

Palearctic

TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Temminck, 1815)

Palearctic

TER; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Ord, 1815)

Nearctic

FAI; PIC; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Palearctic

A-IIB; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Gmelin, 1789)

Holarctic

PIC; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Pallas, 1776)

Palearctic

FAI; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Pallas, 1770)

Holarctic

FLO; TER; SMG*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Payraudeau, 1826)

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Temminck, 1820)

Palearctic

FAI; PIC*; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Pontoppidan, 1763

Palearctic

FLO; FAI; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Richardson, 1831

Nearctic

TER

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR; FLO; PIC; TER; SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Ord, 1815

Nearctic

A

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Meyer, 1822

Holarctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Brewster, 1883

Nearctic

FLO; TER*; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Gunnerus, 1767

Holarctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Holarctic

A-IIB; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Dwight, 1922

Palearctic

P; A-IIB; AEWA

COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Naumann, 1840

Palearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Coues, 1862

Nearctic

COR*; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG*; TER; SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Wagler, 1831)

Nearctic

FLO; TER; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Swainson, 1837)

Pantropical

PIC; GRA (Occasional Breeder); SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Tropical Atlantic

A; AEWA

FAI*; GRA (Breeder); SJG*; TER*; SMG*; SMR

Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

A; AEWA

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Montagu, 1813

Holarctic

P; A-I; B-II; AEWA; O; T100

COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Nuttall, 1834

Nearctic

COR; FLO; TER; SMG*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Holarctic

P; A-I; B-II; AEWA; T100

COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Pontoppidan, 1763

Holarctic

COR; FLO; FAI; TER; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Pallas, 1764)

Palearctic

FLO; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Boddaert, 1783)

Holarctic

FLO; GRA; TER

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Latham, 1787)

Palearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Sabine, 1819)

Holarctic

COR*; FLO; FAI; PIC*; GRA; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Vieillot, 1819

Holarctic

FAI; PIC; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Saunders, 1893

Antarctic

FLO*; FAI*; GRA*; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Temminck, 1815)

Holarctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG*; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Brünnich, 1764)

Palearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Holarctic

FAI; TER; SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA*; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

FLO*; FAI; PIC*; TER; SMG

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Gmelin, 1789

Palearctic

A-IIA

COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Hartert, 1905

Palearctic

P; A-I

COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Frivaldszky, 1838)

Palearctic

COR*; FAI*; PIC (Breeder); GRA*; TER (Breeder); SMG; SMR

Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR; FLO; TER; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

COR; FLO

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Wilson, 1811)

Nearctic

COR*; FLO; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

PIC*; SJG; TER*; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Scopoli, 1769)

Holarctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Pontoppidan, 1763)

Holarctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG*; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

A; B-II

COR*; FLO*; FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR*

Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

COR*; FLO; FAI; PIC*; SJG*

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

COR*; GRA*; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Forster, 1771)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Gray, 1830)

Afro-tropical

SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

FLO; FAI; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Shelley, 1870)

Palearctic

FLO*; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR; FAI*; TER*; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER*; SMR*

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

FLO; PIC*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

COR; FAI

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Nearctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Radde, 1863

Palearctic

PIC

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Linnaeus, 1758

Holarctic

COR; FLO; TER; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Géné, 1839

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Fleischer, 1818

Palearctic

SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Tunstall, 1771

Holarctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC*; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Holarctic

AZO

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Linnaeus, 1758

Nearctic

TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

COR; SMG*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1766

Palearctic

COR*; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER*; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Scopoli, 1769)

Afro-tropical

FAI*; TER*; SMG (Breeder)

Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Vieillot, 1808

Nearctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Vieillot, 1808

Nearctic

COR; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Boddaert, 1783)

Nearctic

COR; FLO*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI*; TER*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Cassin, 1851)

Nearctic

COR; FLO*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR*; FLO; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

PIC; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Vieillot, 1808

Nearctic

COR; FLO

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

FAI

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; TER*; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Leisler, 1814)

Palearctic

SJG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Laxmann, 1769)

Palearctic

COR*; FAI; SJG; SMG*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG*; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Boddaert, 1783

Nearctic

COR; FLO; TER

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC*; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Vieillot, 1817)

Nearctic

COR; TER

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

COR; FLO

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Vieillot, 1817)

Palearctic

SMR

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

COR*; FLO; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Vieillot, 1808)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Vieillot, 1817)

Palearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA*; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Blyth, 1842)

Palearctic

PIC*; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR; FLO; SJG; TER*; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR; TER

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Jerdon, 1845)

Palearctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Boddaert, 1783)

Palearctic

FLO

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Vieillot, 1817)

Palearctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Seebohm, 1883

Palearctic

P; A; B-II

SMG (Breeder)

Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Murphy & Chapin, 1929

Palearctic

P; A; B-II

FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER

Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Vaurie, 1954

Palearctic

P; A; B-II

SMR (Breeder)

Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Alexander, 1898

Palearctic

A; B-II

COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Boddaert, 1783)

Palearctic

COR; FLO*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Pallas, 1764)

Palearctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Bechstein, 1792)

Palearctic

FLO

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Latham, 1787

Palearctic

TER

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Nearctic

FLO

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Hartert, 1903

Palearctic

A-IIB

COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Pallas, 1811)

Nearctic

COR; FLO*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Lafresnaye, 1848)

Nearctic

COR; FLO

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Nuttall, 1840)

Nearctic

COR; FLO

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Gmelin, 1789)

Nearctic

COR*; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Hartert, 1905

Palearctic

A-IIB

COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1766

Nearctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Temminck, 1820

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Brehm, 1831

Palearctic

SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

COR; FLO; PIC*; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

COR; SMG*; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

A; B-II

FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Pallas, 1764)

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Bechstein, 1792)

Palearctic

TER

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Pallas, 1764)

Palearctic

COR; FLO; SMR

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Gmelin, 1789)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

A; B-II

FLO; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Temminck, 1829)

Palearctic

FLO

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Gmelin, 1774)

Palearctic

TER*; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR* (Occasional Breeder); FLO; PIC; SMG

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR*; FLO; SJG; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

A

COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Palearctic

TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Afro-tropical

TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder)

Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Pallas, 1811)

Palearctic

COR; TER*; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

FLO; TER

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Tunstall, 1771)

Nearctic

COR; FLO*; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR; TER

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

COR*; FLO; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Vaurie, 1957

Palearctic

A; B-II

COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Pallas, 1776

Palearctic

COR; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

COR; PIC; TER*; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

COR; FLO; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Holböll, 1843)

Holarctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Tschusi, 1901

Palearctic

A; B-II

COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Macaronesian Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Cabanis, 1851)

Palearctic

A; B-II

FAI*; PIC*; TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR*

Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Pucheran, 1859

Palearctic

A

COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

SMR

Occasional Wintering. New Azores Record

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

TER*; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

FLO

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Linnaeus, 1758

Holarctic

SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Godman, 1866

Palearctic

P; A-I; T100

SMG (Breeder)

Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

A

COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)

Macaronesian Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Palearctic

TER

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

COR; FLO; SMG

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Nearctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Nearctic

COR; FLO

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Wilson, 1811)

Nearctic

COR; FLO*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Nearctic

COR; FLO*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Gmelin, 1789)

Nearctic

COR*; SMG*; SMR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

COR; FLO*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Nearctic

COR; FLO*; TER

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Gmelin, 1789)

Nearctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Boddaert, 1783)

Nearctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Vieillot, 1809)

Nearctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Nearctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Wilson, 1811)

Nearctic

COR*; FLO

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Nearctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

COR; FLO*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Forster, 1772)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Gmelin, 1789)

Nearctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Nearctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Olson & Reveal, 2009

Nearctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Pallas, 1776

Palearctic

SMR

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

FLO

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Audubon, 1834)

Nearctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Gmelin, 1789)

Nearctic

COR; FLO

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Gmelin, 1789)

Nearctic

COR; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

(Forster, 1772)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

COR; FLO; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Holarctic

COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR

Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Nearctic

COR; FLO; SMG; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Gmelin, 1789)

Nearctic

COR; FLO

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

COR

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Gmelin, 1789)

Nearctic

COR*; FLO; SMR*

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

List of potential breeding species from Azores

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

PIC*; GRA; TER; SMG

Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Afro-tropical

SMG

Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

FAI

Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic

A-IIA

SMG

Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linnaeus, 1758

Palearctic

AZO

Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nearctic

SMG

Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Lichtenstein, 1823)

Afro-tropical

SMG

Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

(Müller, 1776)

Afro-tropical

TER

Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Analysis

The updated list of the bird species recorded in the Azores comprised 38 newly recorded species, increasing the total number of recorded species and subspecies to 414. These 414 taxa belong to 24 orders, 67 families, 202 genera and 404 species. Some of the species and genus names from the previous list were changed and some families were moved to other orders. The taxonomic revision results in the addition of four new orders to the checklist.

São Miguel Island stands out as the richest island (299 spp. and sspp.), followed by Terceira (248 spp. and sspp.), Corvo and Flores (238 and 232 spp. and sspp., respectively) (Fig. 4). The islands of Corvo (western group) and Santa Maria (eastern group) were the ones with the highest increases in species number (plus 14,1% and 12,%, respectively).

Almost half of the species and subspecies that occur in the Azores come from the Palearctic (n = 195, that is, 47% of spp and sspp) but the Nearctic is also well represented (n = 125 i.e., 30% of spp and sspp). The species and subspecies of Holarctic origin totalled 68 (i.e., 17% of spp and sspp) (Fig. 5). The (songbirds), (waders, skuas, gulls, terns and auks) and (swans, geese and ducks) are by far the most represented orders with 129, 111 and 42 taxa, respectively.

Figure 5.

Biogeographical origin of the species present in Azores archipelago; “Other” – marine regions (Indo-Pacific; Southern Atlantic; Sub-Antarctic; Antarctic; Tropical Atlantic) (Suppl. material 2).

Discussion

The most striking feature of this checklist is that it shows not only an impressive increase in the number of new species records for the Azores (36, that is, plus 8,7% in less than five years), but also an enlargement of the distribution of several species among the different Azorean islands. A simple explanation for this could be the increase in the number of observers performing birdwatching out of the “high season” (autumn and spring) for vagrant birds, and possibly also the creation of the “ dos Açores” website, whose aim is to provide information about all common species and also about rarities, even though is mostly aimed at a non-birdwatcher public.

The situation of the Azores in the middle of the North Atlantic makes these islands a safe place for the birds taken away from their normal migratory routes by strong winds or by changes in wind direction (vagrants) (Liechti 2006). Vagrant birds have been observed using trans-oceanic ships to rest until they detect a landmass at close range and usually fly towards it (Lees and Gilroy 2009). The higher number of Nearctic species reported on Corvo Island could be related to the relative proximity of this island to the American continent, allowing birds to wander into it. Another explanation for this may be the combination of a very small area (17 km2) and the high observation pressure during the autumn, when several tens of birdwatchers visit the island. On the opposite side of the archipelago, Santa Maria Island, the closest island to the European continent, holds a higher proportion of Palearctic species. The comparatively low number of non-breeding species observed on Graciosa and São Jorge islands may be explained, at least partly, by a lower observation pressure than on the other islands.

The native birds from the Azores provide good examples of insular speciation, since two endemic species and 11 endemic subspecies are known. Moreover, many more endemic terrestrial species have gone extinct (Rando et al. 2013, Alcover et al. 2015), possibly as a consequence of direct predation by man, the introduction of non-native predatory species (e.g., cats, rats, ferrets and weasels), and habitat degradation or loss. The current endemic species and subspecies are the survivors of almost 600 years of human occupation and major land-use changes. The recent population recovery of the Azores Bullfinch (Fig. 2) in the north-eastern part of São Miguel is considered as a good example of the best practices of LIFE conservation programs (Ceia et al. 2010). Another example of successful conservation measures comes from the rabbit eradication and habitat restoration on Praia islet (Graciosa Island), which resulted in a significant increase in the breeding numbers of Monteiro's Storm-petrels, Madeiran Storm-petrels and terns (Bolton et al. 2004, Bried et al. 2009, Bried and Neves in press).

Species lists such as this one are important to draw attention to particular taxonomic groups, to serve as a baseline in long-term systematic monitoring, to elucidate patterns of species diversity and distribution, to elucidate information gaps about distribution, and can serve as a tool in educational projects. The currently ongoing initiatives concerning citizen ornithological science in the Azores will be of high value for the knowledge of the biology and phenology of migratory birds and will hopefully increase the pressure towards the definition and preservation of more Important Bird Areas (IBAs) in the archipelago.

Global species richness on the nine Azorean islands

Data type: Species distribution

Brief description: Global species richness on the nine Azorean islands (COR= Corvo; FLO = Flores; FAI = Faial; PIC = Pico; GRA =Graciosa; SJG = São Jorge; TER = Terceira; SMG = São Miguel; SMR = Santa Maria).

File: oo_62386.xlsx

Biogeographical origin of the species present in Azores archipelago

Data type: occurences

Brief description: Biogeographical origin of the species present in Azores archipelago.

“Other” refers to marine regions only represented once (Indo-Pacific; Southern Atlantic; Sub-Antarctic; Antarctic; Tropical Atlantic).

File: oo_62383.xlsx

List of Rare Species

Data type: occurences

Brief description: Species with five or less records and individuals counts, in the Azores, with some notes.

File: oo_62653.xlsx