Thomas D Dayspring1, Stephen A Varvel2, Leila Ghaedi2, Dawn L Thiselton2, James Bruton2, Joseph P McConnell2. 1. Clinical Education Department, Foundation for Health Improvement and Technology (FHIT), Richmond, VA, USA; Clinical Affairs Department, Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc., Richmond, VA, USA. Electronic address: tdayspring@aol.com. 2. Clinical Affairs Department, Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc., Richmond, VA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Circulating noncholesterol sterols/stanols (NCS) are used in clinical lipidology as surrogate measures of cholesterol synthesis and absorption, where they can be valuable tools in assessing cholesterol metabolism and personalizing therapies in patients with dyslipidemia. OBJECTIVES: To describe the distributions of plasma NCS concentrations and inter-NCS correlations in a large cohort of American patients constituting a clinical laboratory database, and to investigate the relationship between circulating NCS, age, sex, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. METHODS: A total of 667,718 patient blood samples submitted for testing to Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc. (Richmond, VA) were analyzed for cholesterol absorption markers (sitosterol, campesterol, and cholestanol) and one cholesterol synthesis marker (desmosterol). NCS percentiles were determined, along with intermarker correlations (Pearson's R). Analysis of variance was used to assess the effect of age and sex on NCS level, and to evaluate the relationship between cholesterol synthesis/absorption status and APOE genotype in a subset of 336,866 patients. RESULTS: Mean NCS concentrations were: sitosterol, 2.45 μg/mL; campesterol, 3.3 μg/mL; cholestanol, 2.92 μg/mL; and desmosterol 0.99 μg/mL. The correlations between each NCS and its ratio to total cholesterol ranged from 0.72 (cholestanol) to 0.94 (desmosterol). NCS levels were significantly affected by age and sex (P < .0001), and prevalence of cholesterol hyperabsorption was higher in APOE ε4 allele carriers compared with the other APOE genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: We have described sample distributions of NCS biomarkers and characterized their relationship to age, sex, and APOE genotype. These data may facilitate research into altered cholesterol homeostasis and human disease, and help physicians optimize lipid-lowering therapies.
BACKGROUND: Circulating noncholesterol sterols/stanols (NCS) are used in clinical lipidology as surrogate measures of cholesterol synthesis and absorption, where they can be valuable tools in assessing cholesterol metabolism and personalizing therapies in patients with dyslipidemia. OBJECTIVES: To describe the distributions of plasma NCS concentrations and inter-NCS correlations in a large cohort of American patients constituting a clinical laboratory database, and to investigate the relationship between circulating NCS, age, sex, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. METHODS: A total of 667,718 patient blood samples submitted for testing to Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc. (Richmond, VA) were analyzed for cholesterol absorption markers (sitosterol, campesterol, and cholestanol) and one cholesterol synthesis marker (desmosterol). NCS percentiles were determined, along with intermarker correlations (Pearson's R). Analysis of variance was used to assess the effect of age and sex on NCS level, and to evaluate the relationship between cholesterol synthesis/absorption status and APOE genotype in a subset of 336,866 patients. RESULTS: Mean NCS concentrations were: sitosterol, 2.45 μg/mL; campesterol, 3.3 μg/mL; cholestanol, 2.92 μg/mL; and desmosterol 0.99 μg/mL. The correlations between each NCS and its ratio to total cholesterol ranged from 0.72 (cholestanol) to 0.94 (desmosterol). NCS levels were significantly affected by age and sex (P < .0001), and prevalence of cholesterol hyperabsorption was higher in APOE ε4 allele carriers compared with the other APOE genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: We have described sample distributions of NCS biomarkers and characterized their relationship to age, sex, and APOE genotype. These data may facilitate research into altered cholesterol homeostasis and human disease, and help physicians optimize lipid-lowering therapies.
Authors: Valéria Sutti Nunes; Isabela M Bensenor; Paulo A Lotufo; Marisa Passarelli; Edna Regina Nakandakare; Eder Carlos Rocha Quintão Journal: Biosci Rep Date: 2020-07-31 Impact factor: 3.840
Authors: Valéria Sutti Nunes; Angela de Oliveira Godoy Ilha; Guilherme da Silva Ferreira; Renata de Paula Assis Bombo; Milessa Silva Afonso; Maria Silvia Ferrari Lavrador; Roberta Marcondes Machado; Edna Regina Nakandakare; Eder Carlos Rocha Quintão; Ana Maria Lottenberg Journal: Clinics (Sao Paulo) Date: 2022-04-06 Impact factor: 2.365
Authors: Monica Gelzo; Maria Donata Di Taranto; Concetta Sica; Antonio Boscia; Francesco Papagni; Giuliana Fortunato; Gaetano Corso; Antonio Dello Russo Journal: Lipids Health Dis Date: 2019-12-30 Impact factor: 3.876