Recent and Future Developments in Chest Wall Reconstruction.

Reconstruction following major chest wall resection can be challenging. Conventional methods of using mesh with or without incorporation of methyl methacrylate are slowly being replaced by chest wall reconstruction prosthetic systems that use titanium plates or bars. The most popular systems in use are the titanium STRATOS bars and MatrixRIB plates, which have different systems for securing to the chest wall. In general, these new approaches are user friendly, are more ergonomic, and may avoid certain complications associated with the more conventional methods of reconstruction. However, the successful implantation of these titanium prosthetic systems requires the operator to be familiar with the limitations and potential pitfalls of the process. Follow-up data are only just emerging on the risk factors for implant failure of these prosthetic systems, as well as certain device-specific complications, with fracture failure being increasingly recognized as a significant problem. In the future, emerging intraoperative real-time imaging and 3-dimensional printing technology, as well as development in biomaterials, will allow chest wall reconstruction to become increasingly personalized.