Constantijn Franssen1, Sophia Chen1, Andreas Unger2, H Ibrahim Korkmaz3, Gilles W De Keulenaer4, Carsten Tschöpe5, Adelino F Leite-Moreira6, René Musters1, Hans W M Niessen7, Wolfgang A Linke2, Walter J Paulus8, Nazha Hamdani9. 1. Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 2. Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany. 3. Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 4. Laboratory of Physiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. 5. Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 6. Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. 7. Department of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 8. Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: wj.paulus@vumc.nl. 9. Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated whether systemic, low-grade inflammation of metabolic risk contributed to diastolic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and heart failure with preseved ejection fraction (HFpEF) through coronary microvascular endothelial activation, which alters paracrine signalling to cardiomyocytes and predisposes them to hypertrophy and high diastolic stiffness. BACKGROUND: Metabolic risk is associated with diastolic LV dysfunction and HFpEF. METHODS: We explored inflammatory endothelial activation and its effects on oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG) signalling in myocardial biopsies of HFpEF patients and validated our findings by comparing obese Zucker diabetic fatty/Spontaneously hypertensive heart failure F1 hybrid (ZSF1)-HFpEF rats to ZSF1-Control (Ctrl) rats. RESULTS: In myocardium of HFpEF patients and ZSF1-HFpEF rats, we observed the following: 1) E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression levels were upregulated; 2) NADPH oxidase 2 expression was raised in macrophages and endothelial cells but not in cardiomyocytes; and 3) uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, which was associated with reduced myocardial nitrite/nitrate concentration, cGMP content, and PKG activity. CONCLUSIONS: HFpEF is associated with coronary microvascular endothelial activation and oxidative stress. These lead to a reduction of NO-dependent signalling from endothelial cells to cardiomyocytes, which can contribute to the high cardiomyocyte stiffness and hypertrophy observed in HFpEF.
OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated whether systemic, low-grade inflammation of metabolic risk contributed to diastolic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and heart failure with preseved ejection fraction (HFpEF) through coronary microvascular endothelial activation, which alters paracrine signalling to cardiomyocytes and predisposes them to hypertrophy and high diastolic stiffness. BACKGROUND: Metabolic risk is associated with diastolic LV dysfunction and HFpEF. METHODS: We explored inflammatory endothelial activation and its effects on oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG) signalling in myocardial biopsies of HFpEF patients and validated our findings by comparing obese Zucker diabetic fatty/Spontaneously hypertensive heart failure F1 hybrid (ZSF1)-HFpEF rats to ZSF1-Control (Ctrl) rats. RESULTS: In myocardium of HFpEF patients and ZSF1-HFpEF rats, we observed the following: 1) E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression levels were upregulated; 2) NADPH oxidase 2 expression was raised in macrophages and endothelial cells but not in cardiomyocytes; and 3) uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, which was associated with reduced myocardial nitrite/nitrate concentration, cGMP content, and PKG activity. CONCLUSIONS: HFpEF is associated with coronary microvascular endothelial activation and oxidative stress. These lead to a reduction of NO-dependent signalling from endothelial cells to cardiomyocytes, which can contribute to the high cardiomyocyte stiffness and hypertrophy observed in HFpEF.
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