Avonne E Connor1,2, Kathy B Baumgartner2, Richard N Baumgartner2, Christina M Pinkston2, Stephanie D Boone2, Esther M John3,4, Gabriela Torres-Mejía5, Lisa M Hines6, Anna R Giuliano7, Roger K Wolff8, Martha L Slattery8. 1. 1 Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland. 2. 2 Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, School of Public Health & Information Sciences, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky. 3. 3 Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, California. 4. 4 Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California. 5. 5 Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional , Cuernavaca, Morelos, México . 6. 6 Department of Biology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs , Colorado Springs, Colorado. 7. 7 H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center & Research Institute , Tampa, Florida. 8. 8 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Few epidemiological studies have included Hispanics with the evaluation of the effects of cigarette smoking and breast cancer. We examined the relationship between cigarette smoking, ethnicity, and breast cancer risk using data from the Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study (BCHDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The BCHDS is a consortium of three population-based case-control studies, including U.S. non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) (1,525 cases; 1,593 controls), U.S. Hispanics/Native Americans (1,265 cases; 1,495 controls), and Mexican women (990 cases; 1,049 controls). Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Breast cancer risk was elevated among Mexican former smokers (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.04-1.96) and among those who smoked ≥ 31 years (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.13-3.35), compared to never smokers. In addition, Mexican former smokers with a history of alcohol consumption had increased breast cancer risk (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.01-5.21). Among NHW premenopausal women, breast cancer risk was increased for smoking ≥ 20 cigarettes per day (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.07-2.41). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest the possibility of ethnic differences with the associations between cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk.
OBJECTIVE: Few epidemiological studies have included Hispanics with the evaluation of the effects of cigarette smoking and breast cancer. We examined the relationship between cigarette smoking, ethnicity, and breast cancer risk using data from the Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study (BCHDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The BCHDS is a consortium of three population-based case-control studies, including U.S. non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) (1,525 cases; 1,593 controls), U.S. Hispanics/Native Americans (1,265 cases; 1,495 controls), and Mexican women (990 cases; 1,049 controls). Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS:Breast cancer risk was elevated among Mexican former smokers (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.04-1.96) and among those who smoked ≥ 31 years (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.13-3.35), compared to never smokers. In addition, Mexican former smokers with a history of alcohol consumption had increased breast cancer risk (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.01-5.21). Among NHW premenopausal women, breast cancer risk was increased for smoking ≥ 20 cigarettes per day (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.07-2.41). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest the possibility of ethnic differences with the associations between cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk.
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