Fernanda Pedrotti Moreira1, João Ricardo Carvalho Medeiros1, Alfredo Cardoso Lhullier2, Luciano Dias de Mattos Souza1, Karen Jansen3, Luis Valmor Portela4, Diogo R Lara5, Ricardo Azevedo da Silva1, Carolina David Wiener6, Jean Pierre Oses3. 1. Translational Science on Brain Disorders, Department of Health and Behavior, Center of Life and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. 2. Psychology School, Center of Life and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. 3. Translational Science on Brain Disorders, Department of Health and Behavior, Center of Life and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) Medical School, Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) Medical School, Houston, TX, USA. 4. Neurotrauma Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. 5. Neurochemistry and Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Bioscience, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. 6. Translational Science on Brain Disorders, Department of Health and Behavior, Center of Life and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. Electronic address: carolinawiener@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cocaine abuse is capable of activating the innate immune system in the CNS resulting in deregulation of homeostasis between pro and antiinflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate serum levels of pro and antiinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-10 respectively, in cocaine users from a young population-based sample. METHODS: This is a case-control study nested in a cross-sectional population-based survey, with individuals of 18 and 35 years old. Two groups were selected: 24 healthy controls and 12 subjects who reported cocaine use. Serum IL-6 and IL-10 were measured by ELISA using a commercial kit. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increase in IL-6 (p=0.037) and decrease in IL-10 (p=0.007) serum levels, between cocaine users and the control group. There was also an increase in the ratio IL-6/IL-10 (p=0.013) among cocaine users individuals, when compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that cocaine users showed an activation of the immune system when compared a control group, demonstrating a disruption in the balance of pro and antiinflammatory cytokines. Thus, peripheral cytokines may represent a putative biomarkers for cocaine users, contributing to the development of diagnosis and effective treatments.
BACKGROUND:Cocaine abuse is capable of activating the innate immune system in the CNS resulting in deregulation of homeostasis between pro and antiinflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate serum levels of pro and antiinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-10 respectively, in cocaine users from a young population-based sample. METHODS: This is a case-control study nested in a cross-sectional population-based survey, with individuals of 18 and 35 years old. Two groups were selected: 24 healthy controls and 12 subjects who reported cocaine use. Serum IL-6 and IL-10 were measured by ELISA using a commercial kit. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increase in IL-6 (p=0.037) and decrease in IL-10 (p=0.007) serum levels, between cocaine users and the control group. There was also an increase in the ratio IL-6/IL-10 (p=0.013) among cocaine users individuals, when compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that cocaine users showed an activation of the immune system when compared a control group, demonstrating a disruption in the balance of pro and antiinflammatory cytokines. Thus, peripheral cytokines may represent a putative biomarkers for cocaine users, contributing to the development of diagnosis and effective treatments.
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