Marilyn Tseng1, Carolyn Y Fang2. 1. 1. Kinesiology Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Calif. 2. 2. Cancer Prevention & Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadephia, Penn.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Chinese immigrants in the United States undergo a transition to increased chronic disease risk commonly attributed to acculturative changes. Longitudinal data to confirm this are lacking. We examined acculturation in relation to insulin resistance in a sample of Chinese immigrant women to determine differences by level of education and possible mediation by anthropometry and diet. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SETTING: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS: 305 Chinese immigrant women recruited October 2005 to April 2008 and followed until April 2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Association of acculturation, measured using the General Ethnicity Questionnaire - American version (GEQA), with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) score as an indicator of insulin resistance, modeled using generalized estimating equations to account for repeated measures over time. RESULTS: GEQA was associated with log HOMA score, but only in women with <9 years of education (beta [SE] = .09 [.04], P=.02; interaction P=.02). The association persisted with adjustment for body mass index, waist circumference, and dietary variables. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide longitudinal evidence that insulin resistance increases with acculturation. However, the association was apparent only in less-educated immigrants and may be mediated by a pathway other than changes in anthropometry and diet.
OBJECTIVE: Chinese immigrants in the United States undergo a transition to increased chronic disease risk commonly attributed to acculturative changes. Longitudinal data to confirm this are lacking. We examined acculturation in relation to insulin resistance in a sample of Chinese immigrant women to determine differences by level of education and possible mediation by anthropometry and diet. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SETTING: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS: 305 Chinese immigrant women recruited October 2005 to April 2008 and followed until April 2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Association of acculturation, measured using the General Ethnicity Questionnaire - American version (GEQA), with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) score as an indicator of insulin resistance, modeled using generalized estimating equations to account for repeated measures over time. RESULTS: GEQA was associated with log HOMA score, but only in women with <9 years of education (beta [SE] = .09 [.04], P=.02; interaction P=.02). The association persisted with adjustment for body mass index, waist circumference, and dietary variables. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide longitudinal evidence that insulin resistance increases with acculturation. However, the association was apparent only in less-educated immigrants and may be mediated by a pathway other than changes in anthropometry and diet.
Authors: Jane Jih; Arnab Mukherjea; Eric Vittinghoff; Tung T Nguyen; Janice Y Tsoh; Yoshimi Fukuoka; Melinda S Bender; Winston Tseng; Alka M Kanaya Journal: Prev Med Date: 2014-04-13 Impact factor: 4.018
Authors: Emma V Sanchez-Vaznaugh; Ichiro Kawachi; S V Subramanian; Brisa N Sánchez; Dolores Acevedo-Garcia Journal: Soc Sci Med Date: 2008-07-25 Impact factor: 4.634