Shigemi Yoshihara1, Sonomjants Munkhbayarlakh2, Sohei Makino3, Clyde Ito3, Narantsetseg Logii4, Sarangerel Dashdemberel2, Hironori Sagara5, Takeshi Fukuda6, Osamu Arisaka7. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre of Prevention and Control of Chronic Respiratory Disease, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan. Electronic address: shigemi@dokkyomed.ac.jp. 2. Department of Pathophysiology, School of Bio-Medicine, Health Sciences University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. 3. World Health Organization Collaborating Centre of Prevention and Control of Chronic Respiratory Disease, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan. 4. Department of Biochemistry, School of Bio-Medicine, Health Sciences University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. 5. World Health Organization Collaborating Centre of Prevention and Control of Chronic Respiratory Disease, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; The Division of Respiratory and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan. 6. World Health Organization Collaborating Centre of Prevention and Control of Chronic Respiratory Disease, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan. 7. Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bronchial asthma is a common but important chronic disease in children in all over the world. To take measures against prevalence of childhood asthma, many researchers have surveyed the actual statuses of childhood asthma in developed countries, but in most Asia-Pacific developing countries including Mongolia such surveys have never been sufficiently conducted until now. We have thought that this survey, though performed in 2009, will give important and meaningful information even now in taking measures to prevent prevailing bronchial asthma in children in Mongolia or the countries under similar statuses. METHODS: The asthma prevalence and patient background information in Mongolian children aged 6-7 living in Ulaanbaatar were examined using a written questionnaire modified for their parents from that prepared by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of asthma in Mongolian children was 20.9%. The following 3 risk factors were found to be related to asthma: (1) having allergic rhinitis symptoms, (2) mothers' smoking, and (3) history of severe respiratory infection before 1-year-old. CONCLUSIONS: The asthma prevalence in Mongolian children was higher than that in the world and Asia-Pacific countries reported by ISAAC. The higher prevalence was probably attributable to households' (especially mothers) smoking in draft-free houses designed for the cold area and severe air-pollution due to rapid industrialization and urbanization in Mongolia. Smoking prohibition in the mother (including family members) and a reduction of exposure to air pollutants are urgently needed to prevent developing childhood asthma.
BACKGROUND: Bronchial asthma is a common but important chronic disease in children in all over the world. To take measures against prevalence of childhood asthma, many researchers have surveyed the actual statuses of childhood asthma in developed countries, but in most Asia-Pacific developing countries including Mongolia such surveys have never been sufficiently conducted until now. We have thought that this survey, though performed in 2009, will give important and meaningful information even now in taking measures to prevent prevailing bronchial asthma in children in Mongolia or the countries under similar statuses. METHODS: The asthma prevalence and patient background information in Mongolian children aged 6-7 living in Ulaanbaatar were examined using a written questionnaire modified for their parents from that prepared by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of asthma in Mongolian children was 20.9%. The following 3 risk factors were found to be related to asthma: (1) having allergic rhinitis symptoms, (2) mothers' smoking, and (3) history of severe respiratory infection before 1-year-old. CONCLUSIONS: The asthma prevalence in Mongolian children was higher than that in the world and Asia-Pacific countries reported by ISAAC. The higher prevalence was probably attributable to households' (especially mothers) smoking in draft-free houses designed for the cold area and severe air-pollution due to rapid industrialization and urbanization in Mongolia. Smoking prohibition in the mother (including family members) and a reduction of exposure to air pollutants are urgently needed to prevent developing childhood asthma.
Authors: Jargalsaikhan Badarch; James Harding; Emma Dickinson-Craig; Colleen Azen; Hilary Ong; Samantha Hunter; Pia S Pannaraj; Brigitta Szepesi; Tegshjargal Sereenendorj; Sumiya Davaa; Chimedsuren Ochir; David Warburton; Carol Readhead Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-03-09 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Ruby Pawankar; Jiu-Yao Wang; I-Jen Wang; Francis Thien; Yoon-Seok Chang; Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff; Takao Fujisawa; Luo Zhang; Bernard Yu-Hor Thong; Pantipa Chatchatee; Ting Fan Leung; Wasu Kamchaisatian; Iris Rengganis; Ho Joo Yoon; Sonomjamts Munkhbayarlakh; Marysia T Recto; Anne Goh Eng Neo; Duy Le Pham; Le Thi Tuyet Lan; Janet Mary Davies; Jae Won Oh Journal: Asia Pac Allergy Date: 2020-02-07