Beamforming-Enhanced Inverse Scattering for Microwave Breast Imaging.

We present a focal-beamforming-enhanced formulation of the distorted Born iterative method (DBIM) for microwave breast imaging. Incorporating beamforming into the imaging algorithm has the potential to mitigate the effect of noise on the image reconstruction. We apply the focal-beamforming-enhanced DBIM algorithm to simulated array measurements from two MRI-derived, anatomically realistic numerical breast phantoms and compare its performance to that of the DBIM formulated with two non-focal schemes. The first scheme simply averages scattered field data from reciprocal antenna pairs while the second scheme discards reciprocal pairs. Images of the dielectric properties are reconstructed for signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) ranging from 35 dB down to 0 dB. We show that, for low SNR, the focal beamforming algorithm creates reconstructions that are of higher fidelity with respect to the exact dielectric profiles of the phantoms as compared to reconstructions created using the non-focal schemes. At high SNR, the focal and non-focal reconstructions are of comparable quality.